This is the vital assignment for IPE239 Comparative Political Systems, IPED Prpgram, Rangsit University. The course part aims at providing an introduction to the field of comparative politics. Various theoretical perspectives and basic concepts within the field are taken up. The political systems of a number of countries - in relation to formal political institutions and informal aspects of the political order - are presented, discussed and compared. Issues of identity as well as the position of nation states in a global context are also dealt with. The course part includes an introduction to comparative method and sources of knowledge about political systems.

1. Politics in the United States of
America
Presented by: Group I

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Legislative
• Executive
• Judiciary
• Conclusion

3. Background
• 4th
July, 1776
• Declaration of independence signed by Franklin,
Adams and Jefferson
• May, 1787 conducted Federal Convention
( New frame of government).
• In 1787 the Constitution was adopted.
• The bill of Rights (1788).

4. Past and Present
• 50 states
• 45 president served USA including Donald Trump.
• George Washington, 1st
president (1789-1797).
• Abraham Lincoln 16th
president (1861-1865) led
United states in Civil War.
• Current president Donald Trump (2016- ?).
• Trump administration is serving USA.

5. Political System of USA
• Federal presidential constitutional
republic.
• USA has three branch of political
system under constitution :
✓ Legislative
✓ Executive and
✓ Judiciary

6. Legislative Branch
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a
political entity such as a country or city.
Legislatures form important parts of most governments.
They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial branches of
government.

7. The United States Congress
Congress is made up of Senate and the House of Representatives.
The house of representative should
composed of members chosen every
second year by the people of several
states. It has 435 members.
The senate of the US should be
composed of two Senators from each
state. Senators serve for six years and
shall have to vote. It has 100
members two each from every states.

8. The Executive Branch

9. Qualities of United States
President
•Must be at least 35 years of age.
•Must be a natural born citizen of the U.S
•The presidential term is four years (Limited to two terms per lifetime)
•Vice president becomes president if the president resigns or dies.
(E.g Lyndon B. Johnson became president after JFK was assassinated)

10. Duties of the Executive Branch
• The president appoints all of the major executive positives, his own cabinet
officers, also known as secretaries (major government agencies).
• Some of these agencies are : The Department of State
The Department of Defense
The Department of Justice
The Department of Agriculture
The Department of Labor
The Department of Education
• The executive branch also includes federal agencies such as the EPA

11. Executive Power
•Article II of the constitution gives the president the power to see that
“The laws be faithfully executed.”
•The Executive branch is responsible for enforcing acts of congress, court
decisions and treaties.
•The president can also issue proclamations and executive orders.
•Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation, which freed all slaves in confederate
states, is one of the most famous examples of this power of the presidency

12. Check & Balance of the Executive
• All bills passed by congress must be sent to the president.
(when he signs the bill, it becomes law)
• Should the president refuses to sign the bill, the bill returns to congress (this is called veto).
• However, congress may override the president’s veto by two thirds vote of both houses
of congress and if the president doesn’t return the bill within ten days it automatically
becomes law, unless congress adjourns during that period.
• The president’s veto power shows how the executive branch checks the legislative branch.

13. Getting elected into the Executive
❏ Both the president and the vice president are chosen by the electoral
college.
❏ When the voters cast a ballot for a presidential candidate and running
mate, they are really choosing a slate of electors pledged to vote for the
candidate in the electoral college in December.
❏ It is possible for a person to receive the most popular votes but fail to be
elected president by the electoral college.

14. President’s Cabinet
The cabinet is a group whose role is to advise the president on subjects related to
each member’s office.
This group includes not only the vice president but also the heads of executive
departments including the Attorney General and the secretaries of Agriculture,
Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services,
Homeland Security, Housing and Urban development, Interior, Labor, State,
Transportation, Treasury and Veterans affairs.
Each of these officials is appointed by the president and then confirmed by the senate
and is responsible for running a major federal agency.

15. Judicial Branch
The branch of government charged with the
interpretation of laws and the administration of
justice

16. Background
➢ The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the Judicial Courts
of the United States.
➢ The Judicial branch was established in Article III of the constitution.

18. Role & Responsibility
❏ Interpret the Constitution
❏ Review and interpret the laws
❏ Decide and rule cases
❏ Have power to declare presidential acts as unconstitutional
❏ Power to declare laws as unconstitutional

19. Federal Judicial System
Supreme Court
Court of Appeal
District Court

20. District Court
❏ Also known as the trial court
❏ Local federal court located in major population centers
❏ Where all cases begin
❏ Hold trials (Jury trials)

21. Court of Appeal
❏ Also known as the circuit court
❏ Only review appeal from district court (appellate jurisdiction)
❏ Can overturn a lower court ruling (district court)
❏ Does not have original jurisdiction

22. Supreme Court
➢ Highest court of the nation
➢ Interpret the Constitution
➢ Can rule some cases directly (original jurisdiction)
➢ Can overturn a lower court ruling (circuit court)
➢ Only take cases they decide they wanted to

23. JUDGES & JUSTICE

24. Justices
❏ Justices are member of the Supreme court
❏ Appointed by the President, approved by Senate
❏ Hold lifetime appointment
❏ There are currently nine justices serving on the Supreme
Court

25. Judges
District Circuit
There are 94 district courts There are 12 circuit in the nation
1 or more judge presides over
each district court
3 judges panel presides over the
court of appeal

26. Check and Balance
Separation of power will prevent one branch from becoming more dominant and
powerful comparing to rest.

27. Check and Balance
➢ President proposes the law.
➢ The congress must pass the law.
➢ The president must sign the law. It then
becomes law but if it is challenged..
➢ The supreme Court will decide if it is constitutional
or unconstitutional.

28. Conclusion
1. Legislative (makes laws)
❏ The senate
❏ The house of representative
2. Executive (enforces laws)
❏ President
❏ Vice-president
3. Judiciary (interprets laws)
❏ District court
❏ Court of appeal
❏ Supreme Court