Very informative and basic concepts about laboratory precautions. This presentation shows how to work in laboratory. some people are not following these precaution and create the problem in laboratory work.

2. 1. Use apron or laboratory coat.
2. All acids are highly
corrosive and alkalies are
highly caustic. Therefore, use
them carefully and do not
spill over your clothes, body
or on the tables.
3. Handle glassware with care.
Broken glass may cause
injuries on the part of your
body. Handel them properly
and avoid breakage.

3. 4. Many chemicals are highly
Hazardous. Therefore, do not
touch with open hand and do
not suck them with mouth. Use
suction bulbs.
5. Instrument are very costly and
there repair is very time
consuming. Therefore, handle
them carefully. Get the guidance
from your instructor.
6. Perform the exercise at the seat
allotted to you. Do not form
groups. Avoid unnecessary and
loud talk.
7. Approach your instructor for
any clarification and help.

4. 8. Take help of laboratory attendant for your requirement
of chemicals, solutions and glassware etc.
9. Inspite of these precautions if any mishap occurs during
the conduct of the practical, adopt the following safety
measures or first aid.

5. • In all cases consult the doctor.
Meanwhile first aid should be done.
• A) acid in the eyes:- wash the eye
with 1% NaHCO3 if the acid is
dilute. In case of concentrated acid,
the eye should first be washed with
a large amount of water and then
thoroughly with the bicarbonate
solution.
• B) Caustic alkali in the eye:-
proceed as for acid in the eye, but
wash with 1% boric acid solution
instead of bicarbonate.

6. • Make the victim lie down on the floor and warp with
a blanket firmly around the burning clothes until
the fire is extinguished.

7. • Turn off all gas burners and switch off all electric
hot plates in the vicinity. Remove the things which
may burn.
• Dry sand may be employed, if fire extinguisher is
not readily available.

8. • Acids:- if acid is sucked in the mouth, drink a lot of
water, followed by lime water or milk of magnesia.
• Intake of caustic alkalies:- Drink a lot of water
followed by vinegar, lemon or orange juice, solution
of citric or lactic acid.
• Other Hazardous:- if salt of heavy metals have
been swallowed, give milk or white of an egg. If
compounds of arsenic or mercury have been
swallowed, give an emetics like one teaspoon full of
mustard, or common salt or zinc sulphate, in a tumbler
of warm water. Rush immediately for medical help.

9. • The victim should at once be removed to the
open air and the clothing of the neck should be
loosened.
• If Inhale NH3 vapours to counteract Cl2 or Br2
fumes, if inhaled in small amounts. Gargles with
NaHCO3 solution are also helpful.

10. • A) Cloth Burns: apply tannic acid jelly (tannatak), acriflavine
(Burnol) or butesin picrate ointment on slight burns caused by dry
heat in which the skin is not broken. For major burns acriflavine
jelly or crystal violet may be applied.
• B) Skin burns due to acid: first wash with water thoroughly,
then with saturated solution of NaHCO3 and finally with water. If
acid burns are serious, apply any disinfectant after the washing
treatment. Allow the skin to dry and cover all the burnt skin with
burnol.

11. • C) Alkali on the skin: Same treatment as in the
case of acid burns except that in second washing
use 1% acetic acid instead of saturated NaHCO3
solutions.

12. • Allow minor cuts to
bleed for a few
seconds then remove
the glass piece if any.
Apply a disinfectant
(like rectified spirit,
dettol or
sulphapyridine
powder) and bandage.
• In serious cuts, consult
the doctor at once
after washing the part
with a disinfectant.

13. • Wash thoroughly with rectified spirit followed by
soap and warm water.

18. Stocks Constituents
Inorganic
Major
elements
Ammonium nitrate
(NH4NO3)
Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
Calcium chloride (CaCl2.
2H2O)
Magnesium sulphate
(MgSO4.7H2O)
Potassium dihydro-
orthophosphate (KH2PO4)
Minorelements
Boric acid (H3BO3)
Manganese sulphate (MnSO4 H2O)
Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O)
Potassium iodide (KI)
Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4)
Cupric sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O)
Cobalt chloride (CoCl2.6H2O)
Iron
EDTA- di sodium salt (Na2EDTA.7H2O)
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O)
Organic
Amino acidand
vitamins
Glycine (C2H5NO2)
Inositol (C6H12O6)
Nicotinic acid (C6H5NO2)
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
(C8H11NO3HCl)
Thiamine hydrochloride
(C12H17ClN4O5.HCl)
CarbonSource Sucrose (C12H22O11)
GellingAgent Agar

19. Ethanol 70%
EDTA, 0.5M sterile solution RNase free pH 8.0 DPEC
TRIS Buffer
Sodium acetate
Sodium hydroxide
TBE 10X Buffer liquid concentrate
β-mercaptoethanol
TE Buffer pH 8.0
Hydrochloric acid 6N
Isopropyl alcohol
Phenol, Saturated (pH 6.6/7.9)
TRIS HCl

20. • Enlist the chemical name present in your
laboratory on the following ways.
Chemical Name Chemical Formula Mol. Wt. Structure
e.g. Chemical Name:- Sodium Hydrooxide
Chemical Formula:- NaOH
Mol. Wt. :- 40
Structure:-
o
Na
H