This document summarizes a presentation given by A. Dürauer at the 9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit on February 11th, 2016. The presentation discusses how high-throughput screening platforms can be used to address key questions in early biopharmaceutical process development, specifically around cell disruption, inclusion body recovery and processing, solubilization, and refolding/oxidation. The document outlines experimental workflows that could be used at a microscale to rapidly screen conditions across these unit operations in parallel. It suggests this approach could significantly reduce the time and materials needed for early process development activities compared to traditional benchscale methods.
1. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
1Feb 11th, 2016
HTS platform for process development –
can we address essential questions at
early stage?
A. Dürauer
February 10th, 2016
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
Berlin, Germany
2. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
2Feb 11th, 2016
Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV
Biopharma Process Science Austria
3. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
3Feb 11th, 2016
4. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
4Feb 11th, 2016
Source: N. Ferrer-Miralles et al. (2009), Microbial Cell Factories
Classification of Biopharmaceuticals in
Accordance to their Production System
5. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
5Feb 11th, 2016
Overall Costs of Production for
Biopharmaceuticals
6. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
6Feb 11th, 2016
Biosimilars
Individual
Medicine
Limited access
to available
treatment
options
Top Challenges in
Biopharmaceutical Production
7. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
7Feb 11th, 2016
Reduce
Costs of
Goods
Fasten
Time to
Market
Increase
Flexibility
Top Challenges in
Biopharmaceutical Production
8. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
8Feb 11th, 2016
Change of perspective from
Screening
for
API /APC
Screening for
High Titer
Production
System
DSP
Development
9. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
9Feb 11th, 2016
Change of Perspective to
Screening
for
API /APC
Screening for
High Titer
Production
System
DSP
Development
10. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
10Feb 11th, 2016
Reduce
Costs of
Goods
Fasten
Time to
Market
Increase
Flexibility
Change of Perspective to
Screening
for
API /APC
Screening for
High Titer
Production
System
DSP
Development
11. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
11Feb 11th, 2016
Vision
Analytics
Analytics
Screening for
High Titer
Production
System
DSP
Development
12. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
12Feb 11th, 2016
Screening for High
Titer Production
System
Upstream & Bioprocess
13. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
13Feb 11th, 2016
Downstream Processing
DSP
Development
Centrifugation
Filtration
- Ultra / diafiltration
Chromatography
Cell desintegration
- Mechanical
- Chemical
- Enzymatic
Extraction
Precipitation
Crystallization
Flocculation
IB solubilization
Refolding
14. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
14Feb 11th, 2016
Generalized Workflow of DSP
Fermentation
Broth
Cell separation
Product
intracellular
Cell
disintegration
Product as IBs
Solubilization
Refolding/
Oxidation
Product soluble
Extraction
Product
membrane
associated
Extraction
Product
extracellular
Capture
Intermediate
Purfication
Polishing
Formulation
15. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
15Feb 11th, 2016
Process development chainStrain
development/
screening
Screening
cultivation
conditions
Fermentation
Broth
Cellseparation
Product
intracellular
Cell
disintegration
IBRecovery&
Processing
IBSolubilization
Refolding/
Oxidation
Capture
Intermediate
Purification
Polishing
Screening for
Host System or
High Titer
Defined DSP
16. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
16Feb 11th, 2016
Process development chainStrain
development/
screening
Screening
cultivation
conditions
Fermentation
Broth
Cellseparation
Product
intracellular
Cell
disintegration
IBRecovery&
Processing
IBSolubilization
Refolding/
Oxidation
Capture
Intermediate
Purification
Polishing
DSP
Development
Selected
Bioprocess
Conditions
17. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
17Feb 11th, 2016
Essential questions to addressStrain
development/
screening
Screening
cultivation
conditions
Fermentation
Broth
Cellseparation
Product
intracellular
Cell
disintegration
IBRecovery&
Processing
IBSolubilization
Refolding/
Oxidation
Capture
Intermediate
Purification
Polishing
18. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
18Feb 11th, 2016
Can we address essential questions at
early stage?
• Cell Disintegration
• IB Recovery &
Processing
• IB Solubilization
• Refolding /Oxidation
19. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
19Feb 11th, 2016
Cell disintegration
Analytics:
- Total protein release (UV, SDS-PAGE, 2D-DIGE)
- Product release (flourescence, Bradford)
- DNA release (picoGreen)
- Endotoxin release (LAL)
20. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
20Feb 11th, 2016
Product release DNA release
Cell disintegration
Endotoxin release
For process development:
Bead mill is preferable to enzymatic digestion
Product release DNA release Endotoxin release
mgproduct/gBM
21. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
21Feb 11th, 2016
Can we address essential questions at
early stage?
• Cell Disintegration
• IB Recovery &
Processing
• IB Solubilization
• Refolding /Oxidation
22. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
22Feb 11th, 2016
Homogenization via bead mill
Transfer of homogenate
to new plate
Separation via centrifugation
Discard supernatant
Resuspension ~1:10 in
Wash buffer
Separation via centrifugation
Discard supernatant
Transfer of IBs for analysis
Analysis of supernatant
(DNA, OD, SDS-PAGE)
Analysis of supernatant /pellet
(DNA, OD, SDS-PAGE)
IB Recovery & Processing
X time
23. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
23Feb 11th, 2016
IB Recovery & Processing
Micro Scale Bench Scale
Wash 1 Wash 2 IBs Wash 1 Wash 2 IBs
24. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
24Feb 11th, 2016
Wash 1
Wash 1
Wash 1
Wash 2
Wash 2
Wash 2
Wash 3
Wash 3
Wash 3
Homogenate
IBs
Homogenate IBs
Homogenate
IBs
Overall Protein Overall Protein
DNA content DNA content
Product
IB recovery & Processing
Product
?
Micro Scale
Bench Scale
25. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
25Feb 11th, 2016
Can we address essential questions at
early stage?
• Cell Disintegration
• IB Recovery &
Processing
• IB Solubilization
• Refolding /Oxidation
26. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
26Feb 11th, 2016
A. Dürauer, S. Mayer, W. Sprinzl, A. Jungbauer, R. Hahn, Biotech. J. 4 (2009), 722 - 729
IB Solubilization
27. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
27Feb 11th, 2016
IB Solubilization
DoE with screening of
! 3 pH values
! 3 urea concentrations
! Concentration of added
GuHCl
28. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
28Feb 11th, 2016
Can we address essential questions at
early stage?
• Cell Disintegration
• IB Recovery &
Processing
• IB Solubilization
• Refolding /Oxidation
29. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
29Feb 11th, 2016
Indication of aggregation / precipitation =
unfavored conditions
Determine wavelength shift and scattering =
Indication of right formation or aggregation
Dilution of solubilized IBs into refolding buffer
Turbidity measurement
Intrinsic Flourescence Emission Scan
Selective capture for refolded protein
cGE analysis of eluted protein
Refolding & Oxidation
30. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
30Feb 11th, 2016
Can we address essential questions at
early stage?
• Cell Disintegration
• IB Recovery &
Processing
• IB Solubilization
• Refolding /Oxidation
31. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
31Feb 11th, 2016
OutputStrain
development/
screening
Screening
cultivation
conditions
Fermentation
Broth
Cellseparation
Product
intracellular
Cell
disintegration
IBRecovery&
Processing
IBSolubilization
Refolding/
Oxidation
Capture
Intermediate
Purification
Polishing
Screening for
Host System or
High Titer
Defined DSP
Parallel screening of 32 fermentations
Duration: 7 days
32. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
32Feb 11th, 2016
OutputStrain
development/
screening
Screening
cultivation
conditions
Fermentation
Broth
Cellseparation
Product
intracellular
Cell
disintegration
IBRecovery&
Processing
IBSolubilization
Refolding/
Oxidation
Capture
Intermediate
Purification
Polishing
DSP
Development
Selected
Bioprocess
Conditions
Parallel screening 24 x solubilization,
96 x refolding and 24 x capture conditions
Duration: 5 days
33. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
33Feb 11th, 2016
Benefits
Protein
[mg]
Time
Refolding
screening
Äkta
Janus
BioTx
Tecan
Bench
96
4
60 d
21 d
4 d
! Time and material consumption significantly reduced
! Broader knowledge of process
34. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
34Feb 11th, 2016
Can we address essential questions
at early stage?
Strain
development/
screening
Screening
cultivation
conditions
Fermentation
Broth
Cellseparation
Product
intracellular
Cell
disintegration
IBRecovery&
Processing
IBpreparation/
Solubilization
Refolding/
Oxidation
Capture
Intermediate
Purification
Polishing
Yes, we can !
35. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
35Feb 11th, 201610.02.2016 35
Acknowledgements
Lars Demmel
Nicole Weiner
Helga Zambiasi
Marian Koglbauer
Matthias Berkemeyer
Cécile Brocard
Georg Klima
Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV
Biopharma Process Science Austria
BOKU Vienna
Department of Biotechnology
Cornelia Walther
Martin Kellner
36. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
36Feb 11th, 2016
IB solubilization
D
H
L
F
d
h
D
H
L
F
d
h
lF
h
d‘
d
Scale Up Factor >500
37. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
37Feb 11th, 2016
Selected refolding conditions
1 (DoE 1)
2 (DoE 2)
3 (DoE 3)
4 (DoE 4)
4 M UREA
0.1 M Arginine
0.1 M Tris
0.18 mM Tween 20
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cysteine
pH9.3
3 M UREA
0.5 M Arginine
0.4 M Tris
18 mM CHAPS
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cysteine
pH 7.8
3.5 M UREA
0.1 M Arginine
0.5 M Tris
0.18 mM Tween 20
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cysteine
pH 8.7
4 M UREA
0.05 M Tris
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cystine
pH 9.5
DoE 4 buffer chosen because of
! Least CoG
! No high dilution of refold required to reach target conductivity before CIEX
! No additives which need to be removed later in DSP
1 (DoE 1)
2 (DoE 2)
3 (DoE 3)
4 (DoE 4)
4 M UREA
0.1 M Arginine
0.1 M Tris
0.18 mM Tween 20
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cystine
pH9.3
3 M UREA
0.5 M Arginine
0.4 M Tris
18 mM CHAPS
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cystine
pH 7.8
3.5 M UREA
0.1 M Arginine
0.5 M Tris
0.18 mM Tween 20
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cystine
pH 8.7
4 M UREA
0.05 M Tris
2 mM Cysteine
2 mM cystine
pH 9.5
Yield in bench scale
~100%
~30%
~90%
~85%
Refolding & Oxidation
38. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
38Feb 11th, 2016
Summary - Product titer
IB Recovery & Processing
Small Scale Processing is Reproducible
g IB/g biomass mg Product/g IB wet
Small
Scale 1
Small
Scale 2
Bench
Scale
Small
Scale 1
Small
Scale 2
Bench
Scale
Factor
Bench/Small
V554 0.408 0.33 0.136 17.6 17 126 7
V556 0.365 0.359 0.111 21.9 18.9 91.8 5
V561 0.259 0.279 0.124 19 21.3 81.4 4
V566 0.177 0.183 0.03 4.4 1.1 26.7 26
g IB/g biomass mg Product/g IB dry
Small
Scale 1
Small
Scale 2 Bench
Small Scale
1
Small Scale
2 Bench
Factor
Bench/Small
V554 0.408 0.33 0.136 - 115.4 240.0 2
V556 0.365 0.359 0.111 - 199.9 266.2 1.4
V561 0.259 0.279 0.124 - 151.5 332.5 2
V566 0.177 0.183 0.03 - 7.65 92.4 11
39. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
39Feb 11th, 2016
Reject turbid samples for following analysis
Refolding & Oxidation
Turbidity
40. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
40Feb 11th, 2016
Combination of wavelength shift and scattering (RALLS) allows
qualitative detection of successful refolding
Determine
aggregation
Intrinsic fluorescence
Refolding & Oxidation
41. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
41Feb 11th, 2016
Confirmation of capture to affinity resin
SolubilizedIB
Standard
Standard
Standard
Refolding
FT
Eluate
Refolding
FT
Eluate
Refolding
FT
Eluate
Refolding
FT
Eluate
Refolding
FT
Eluate
Refolded protein
90% of refolded
protein binds to affinity
resin, 60% of bound
protein is eluted and
can be used for cGE
measurements
Refolding & Oxidation
42. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
42Feb 11th, 2016
! Fully automated screening of 96 refolding conditions
! Automated preparation of refolding buffers from stocks
! Variation of pH, salt concentration, stabilizing agents, redox system
and additives
! DoE based
! Less than 4 mg of solubilized protein required per screening
! Result: Refolding yield & quality
Refolding & Oxidation
43. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Department of Biotechnology
9th Annual BioInnovation Leaders Summit
A. Dürauer
43Feb 11th, 2016
IB Solubilization
! Fully automated screening of 24 solubilization conditions
! Automated preparation of solubilization buffers from stocks
! Variation of pH, chaotrope concentration, reducing agents, additives
! DoE based
! Less than 4 mg of Ibs required per screening
! Result: Solubilization yield & kinetics