Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Lesson: Disaster and Its Effects

1. DISASTER and its
EFFECTS
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

2. Disasters Don’t Plan Ahead.
YOU CAN.
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3. What is the difference between a
HAZARD and a DISASTER?
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HAZARD DISASTER
Dangerous situation or even
that carries a threat
Event that harms human and
society

4. The Human Effect of
Natural and Man-
Made Disasters

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DISPLACED
POPULATIONS
Displaced people are people who have had to leave their homes as a
result of a natural, technological or deliberate event

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Aside from the immediate danger that natural disasters
present, the secondary effect can be just as damaging.
Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows
breeding of waterborne bacteria, and malaria-carrying
mosquitoes.
HEALTH RISK

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The aftermath of disasters affects food supplies.
Thousands of people around the world are hungry
because of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural
supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm, or
gradually in a drought. The impacts of hunger
following a disaster can be tremendous, causing
lifelong damage to children’s development.
FOOD
SCARCITY

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Disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, transportation accidents, or wildfires are typically
unexpected, sudden, and overwhelming. For many people, there are no outwardly visible signs
of physical injury, but there can be nonetheless an emotional toll. It is common for people who
have experienced disaster to have strong emotional reactions. Understanding responses to
distressing events can help you cope effectively with your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors,
and help you along the path to recovery.
EMOTIONAL
AFTERSHOCK
S

9. Ways on how to Plan ahead of a
Disaster
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1. Check for hazards at home.
2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors
3. Educate yourself and family members.
4. Have disaster kits/supplies on hand.
5. Develop an emergency communication plan.
6. Help your community get ready.
7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle

10. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
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MITIGATION
PREPAREDNESS
RESOPONSE
RECOVERY
PREVENTION

11. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
• PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
Mitigation and prevention efforts aim to reduce the potential damage and suffering that disasters can cause. While
disaster management cannot prevent disasters, it can prevent them from becoming compounded as a result of neglecting
causal factors and manageable risks. Mitigation specifically refers to actions taken that can lessen the severity of a
disaster’s impact. Investing in measures that limit hazards can greatly reduce the burden of disasters.
Strategies that disaster management professionals implement to protect vulnerable communities and limit hazards
include the following:
 Raising awareness about potential hazards and how to address them
 Educating the public about how to properly prepare for different types of disaster
 Installing and strengthening prediction and warning systems
 Managing hazards and risks means planning to minimize a community’s vulnerability to disasters.This can involve:
 Encouraging community members to buy appropriate insurance to protect their properties and belongings
 Educating families and businesses on how to create effective disaster plans
 Promoting the use of fire-retardant materials in construction
 Advocating for capital works initiatives, such as the construction and maintenance of levees
 Building partnerships between sectors and agencies at the federal, state, and local levels to collaborate on mitigation
projects
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12. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
Disaster management professionals working on mitigation efforts also focus on the following:
Land Use and Building Codes
Building schools, hospitals, and neighborhoods in flood-prone areas increases their exposure
to disasters. Disaster management spotlights these risks and presents ideas to use land in
safer ways.
For example, rather than constructing homes in floodplains, community planners can
designate those areas as places for outdoor recreation, wildlife attractions, or hiking trails.
They can also urge people to avoid these areas during flood season. These measures make
residents and their homes less vulnerable to harm.
Additionally, mitigation efforts can do the following:
• Address ways to engineer bridges to sustain earthquakes
• Enforce building codes that safeguard buildings during hurricanes
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13. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
Critical Infrastructure
Protecting critical infrastructure during a disaster can mean the difference
between life and death. Critical infrastructure, which comprises the
systems and assets vital to a community’s economy, security, and public
health, deserves special attention as regards disaster management
mitigation.
Setting up protective measures that limit damage to water and
wastewater systems or nuclear plants, for example, can prevent serious
repercussions.
As an example, Japan experienced devastating physical and psychological
consequences after a 2011 earthquake triggered a tsunami. The
inundation of water cut off the power supply to the cooling system for
Fukushima Daiichi reactors, leading to a massive nuclear accident.
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14. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
• PREPAREDNESS
Well-coordinated responses to disasters require prior planning. This helps ensure fast, effective
response efforts and limits duplicated efforts.
Disaster preparedness plans:
Identify organizational resources
Designate roles and responsibilities
Create procedures and policies
Organize activities that improve disaster readiness
Anticipating the needs of communities that disasters affect improves the quality of the response
efforts. Building the capacities of volunteers, personnel, and disaster management teams to respond to
disasters also makes the response efforts more effective.
Plans may include the following:
Emergency shelter sites
Evacuation routes
Emergency energy and water sources
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15. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
Contingency Planning
Disaster readiness calls for contingency planning, advance decisions
about managing human and monetary resources, coordinating
procedures between different agencies, and organizing logistics.
Contingency plans answer three basic questions:
oWhat will happen?
oWhat will the response be?
oWhat will be done ahead of time to prepare?
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16. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
• RESPONSE AND RECOVERY
During and immediately after an emergency, disaster management focuses on delivering help and
interventions that can save lives, safeguard health, and protect buildings, animals, and community
property. Following an initial response, efforts shift toward supporting communities as they rebuild
emotionally, economically, and physically.
Disaster Relief
Disaster relief addresses the immediate and short-term needs of disaster-affected communities. It can
include evacuations, search and rescue missions, and emergency medical assistance.
Examples of disaster relief are:
Setting up temporary shelters that provide a safe place to sleep, food, and emotional support from
trained personnel
Delivering meals and water
Distributing emergency supplies and necessities, such as toiletries for hygiene and tarps, shovels,
trash bags for cleanup efforts
Providing emergency health services, such as first aid for injuries and prescription medication
replacements
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17. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
Rebuilding
Emergency management helps communities rebuild their lives after trauma. This involves longer-term
efforts to restore:
• Housing
• Economies
• Infrastructure systems
• Individual and community health
National agencies and supporting organizations help communities with problem-solving and finding
resources as they redevelop and revitalize.
Recovery assistance may include the following:
• Unemployment assistance
• Housing assistance
• Legal services
• Mental health counseling
• Disaster case management
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