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Anesthesia machine
- 1. ANESTHESIA MACHINE DR. PRIYANKA
- 2. ANESTHESIA MACHINE • Thefunction of anesthesia machine is preparation of anesthesia gas mixture of pure and precisely known yet variable composition at controlled & known pressure.
- 3. MACHINE STANDARDS • 1979– ANSI • 1988 – ASTM • Defined design, performance, safety requirements of anesthesia machine.
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- 6. DIVEDED IN TOTWO PARTS • ELECTRICAL SYSTEM • PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
- 7. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM • Masterswitch • Battery back up • Battery recharge • Electric outlet for in built monitor • Circuit breaker
- 8. PNEUMATIC SYSTEM • Highpressure system • Intermediate pressure system • Low pressure system
- 9. HIGH PRESSURE • Fromcylinders to the pressure regulating valve/ preset valve. • Convert variable pressure flow from cylinders to lower and most constant pressure suitable for machine • 760 Psi, 1800 Psi to 40-48 Psi
- 10. INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE • Receivesgases from pressure regulating valve or pipeline & supply to the flowmeters & oxygen flush valve. • 40 – 55 Psi from pipeline • 40 – 48 Psi from pressure regulating valve
- 11. LOW PRESSURE • Fromflow regulating valve to common gas outlet. • Pressure in this system is slightly above the atmospheric pressure • 14 -20 Psi
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- 13. HANGER YOKE ASSEMBLY • Retaining screw • Swinging gate (Toggle gate Swivel gate) • Nipple • Index pins
- 14. 7PIN INDEX SYSTEM • machine – pins • Cylinder – holes • Pins – 4 mm in dia • 6mm in length, 12° • 9/16 inch radius 7 • O2 – 2,5 • N2O - 3,5 • Air – 1,5 • Entonox -7 • Cyclopropane -3,6
- 15. LIMITATIONS OF PIN INDEX • Broken pin • Upside down yoke block • Use of double washer
- 16. HANGER YOKE ASSEMBLY • WASHER • FILTER • GASKET • Must be present • Acc to ASTM • Placed around standards. the nipple • Only one washer • 100 µm should • Two nullify pin be installed in index system between cylinder • Must be in good & reducing valve condition
- 17. CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY •One way valve • Prevent gas leak from empty yoke • Allow cylinder change while using one • Prevent transfilling of cylinder • Yoke block, not to keep empty • cylinder closed – pipeline used.
- 18. BOURDEN PRESSURE GUAGE ELASTIC TUBE
- 19. DIFFERENCE IN O2& N2O
- 20. PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE • High pressure small area, large area drop in pressure. • Spring added for constant same low pressure output.
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- 22. PIPELINE INLET CONNECTION • ASTM • DISS • Check valve assembly • Pipeline pressure indicator gauge • 45-55 Psi • Cylinder should be closed
- 23. INTERMIDATE PRESSURE • LEAK – • GAS POWER connection OUTLET inside machine • Supply to ventilator or jet • ASTM ventilating system • PRESSURE < 50 Psi not allowed - • Leak should not ventilators will not be more than 25 function ml/min at normal service pressure • Quick coupler • DISS
- 24. MASTER SWITCH • INTERMIDATE SYSTEM • Downstream the inlet • Oxygen flush will work even if standby position • Sudden turn off is dangerous
- 25. OXYGEN PRESSURE FAILURE DEVICES • OXYGN FAILURE • OXYGEN SAFTY – ASTM FAILURE ALARM • Set pressure o2 • ASTM conc. should not < • < Set P (30Psi) 19% • Initiated within 5 sec . • May be silenced not more than 120 sec. • Can’t disabled
- 26. OXYGEN PRESSURE FAILURE DEVICES • Drager • 30-37 Psi 207-255 KPa • Ohmeda • 28 Psi 190 KPa
- 27. LIMITATIONS oxygenfailure safety device • System may be pressured for weeks if it is gas tight; without being connected to the oxygen source. • Do not offer total protection against hypoxic mixture
- 28. QUICK FLUSH SYSTEM • 35 – 75 lit/min • 40 - 55 Psi • Percutaneous catheter – adequate ventilation • Work even when master switch off. • Collar to prevent accidental activation.
- 29. LIMITATIONS OF OXYGEN FLUSH • ASTM it should • Flush valve not increase or sticking in ON decrease P at position leads to vaporizer outlet > 10 KPa • BAROTRAUMA or output > 20 % • AWARENESS • CHECK VALVE IN MACHINE
- 30. SECOND STAGE REDUCING DEVICE • Just upstream the N2O & O2 control valve. • Gases from pressure reducing valve or central supply. • N2O – 26 Psi • O2 – 14 Psi • Flow will be constant below normal fluctutation range
- 31. FLOW REGULATING VALVE • Touch, placement, PARTS color coding. • Difference with gases. • Chemical name • Link - mechanical, Pneumatic system • Pin seat system • Stop collar
- 32. PROBLEMS WITH FLOW CONTROL VALVE • Inadvertent • Leak through the alteration - open flow control Light valve. touch, accidental brushing • Failure to allow adequate gas • Inability to turn the flow – broken control knob ON stem blocking the path.
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- 34. FLOW INDICATER • Measurement of the flow of the gases based on Lit /min the principle that when gases passes through resistance there is drop in pressure • Drop in pressure corelated with flow
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- 36. PHYSICS FLOWMETER • LOW FLOWS – • LAMINAR FLOW VISCOSITY • HIGH FLOWS • TURBULANT • DENSITY
- 37. FLOW INDICATER • RATEOF FLOW • PRESSURE DROP • Pressure drop • Frictional across constriction resistance float & • Size of annular tube wall opening • Turbulent flow • Physical properties • Drop in energy of gas • Wt float / cross sectional area
- 38. FLOW METER • Thrope tube • Narrow at bottom • Calibrated for gas at atm. Pressure, 20° C • Single, dual taper • Antistatic coating • Float • Float rest, stop • Annular space • Fluorescent
- 39. FLOAT OR BOBBIN • Nonrotating • Plumb bob, striked rotating • Ball • Indicator of constant flow • Important to monitor • Float stop • Float rest • Rib guides
- 40. PROBLEMS OF FLOWMETER ASSEMBLY •FLOWMETER • FLOAT • Inaccuracy at low • Sudden flow projection to top • Calibration with opening of • Sticking dust cylinder • Back pressure • Block outlet flow drops float to • Wrong flow meter lower position. used.
- 41. SEQUENCE OF FLOW INDICATER • Series – one flow control knob • Such that delivery of hypoxic mixture is prevented. • ASTM – O2 downstream - flow indicator – near outlet • Any separate vaporizer flow indicator should be separated by at least 10 cm.
- 42. IMPORTANCE OF DOWNSTREAM OFO2 • Downstream of oxygen prevent hypoxic mixture going to patient in case of leak in the flow indicator • Safety mechanism • Downstream leak change in quantity
- 43. MINIMUM O2 RATIO DEVICES • Pneumatic systems • Mechanical systems • Alarm systems • Oxygen ratio monitor controller & alarm • Next generation will be electronic flow measurement
- 44. OHMEDA LINK 25 SYSTEM • Pneumatic - • At least 25% of oxygen flows in the system • One of the hypoxia guard • Mechanical- linkage in O2 N2O knobs by 14 vs 29 tooth sproket
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- 46. O2 RATIO MONITOR CONTROLLER& ALARM Drager machine
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- 48. UNIDIRECTIONL CHECK VALVE • Unidirectional check valve • Between vaporizer • Positive pressure & common gas from the breathing outlet system is • Upstream of O2 transmitted to flush flow joins machine in IPPV & fresh gas flow assisted ventilation&O2 • Gas must flow flush from flowmeter • Leak not detected
- 49. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE • Near the common • Opens at 100 cm gas outlet of H2O • To prevent high pressure from • Limits anesthesia being transmitted machine to in to machine deliver jet • To prevent high ventilation pressure being transmitted to Pt • Present in some from machine machine
- 50. VAPORIZER MOUNTING DEVICE • Located in between flowmeter device and common gas outlet • Permanent mounting • Change of vaporizer
- 51. LOW PRESSURE PIPING •Large number of connections • Subject to break or leak • Flow should not exceed above 30 ml/min at a pressure of 3KPa or 30 cm of water
- 52. COMMON GAS OUTLET • Receives gases & vapors from the machine • Outlet in most of the machines have 15 mm female slip-joint connection, with coaxial 22 mm male connection • Frequent location for leak
- 53. SAFTY MECHANISMS • Antistaticcoating • Fluorescent back • Antistatic wheels of flow meter • Color coding • Master & slaves • Pin index • O2 failure alarm • DISS • Oxygen flush • Pressure guage • Pressure relief • Touch, coding, pl valve acement of flow • Unidirectional regulator check valve • Rotating bobbin • Trilene interlock with close system
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