A presentation about Vinyl Plastics.

1. INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIGHER
EDUCATION,BHOPAL
DEPARTMENT Of CHEMISTRY
CLASS : M.Sc. Previous
SEMESTER : II
PAPER : IV
PAPER TITLE : Polymer Science
TOPIC : Vinyl Plastics – Polyvinyl Chloride

2. PRESENTED BY:
PRACHI
KULHARE(720058)
PRADHYUMAN
GUPTA (720059)
GUIDED BY:
Dr. PUSHPA RAWTANI MAM

3. CERTIFICATE
This to certify that PRACHI KULHARE & PRADHYUMAN
GUPTA students of M.Sc. (Previous) CHEMISTRY have
successfully completed their assignment on the topic
“VINYL PLASTICS – PLOYVINYL CHLORIDE” under the
guidance of Dr PUSHPA RAWTANI during the session
2020-2021.

4. ACKOWLEDGEMENT
We are really grateful because we managed to complete our
chemistry assignment within the given time period. This
assignment cannot be completed without the efforts and co-
operation from the team members.
We sincerely thanks our chemistry professor Dr. PUSHPA
RAWTANI MAM for her constant support and guidance during
the work.
Last but not the least, we would like to express our gratitude to
our parents and friends who indirectly or directly helped us in
our work.

5. INDEX
• INTRODUCTION TO VINYL PLASTICS
• USES OF VINYL PLASTICS
• POLYVINYL CHLORIDE- INTRODUCTION
• TYPES
• PREPARATION
• STRUCTURE
• PROPERTIES
• APPLICATION
• RECYCLNG
• LIMITATIONS

6. INTRODUCTION TO VINYL PLASTICS
Vinyl plastics, group of thermoplastics used in molded
products, flexible tubing, material for raincoats, and laminated
safety glass. Vinyl plastics are polymers and copolymers of vinyl
derivatives (i.e., derivatives of ethylene, H2C=CH2), e.g., vinyl
chloride (H2C=CHCl) and vinyl acetate (H2C=CH–OOC–
CH3). Polyethylene may be considered the simplest of the vinyl
polymers, and polyvinyl chloride is an important member of this
group. Polytetrafluoroethylene, or Teflon, is also sometimes
classed as a vinyl polymer.

7. POLY VINYL CHLORIDE
0
0
1

8. INTRODUCTON
 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is an economical and versatile thermoplastic
polymer widely used in building and construction industry to produce door and window
profiles, pipes (drinking and wastewater), wire and cable insulation, medical devices,
etc.
 It is the world’s third largest thermoplastic material by volume after polyethylene and
polypropylene.
 It is a white, brittle solid material available in powder form or granules. Due to its
versatile properties, such as lightweight, durable, low cost and easy processability, PVC
is now replacing traditional building materials like wood, metal, concrete, rubber,
ceramics, etc. in several applications.

9. HISTORY
 PVC was synthesized in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann after extended
investigation and experimentation. The polymer appeared as a white solid inside a
flask of vinyl chloride that had been left on a shelf sheltered from sunlight for four
weeks.
 In the early 20th century, the Russian chemist Ivan Ostromislenskyand Fritz
Klatte of the German chemical company Griesheim-Elektron both attempted to use
PVC in commercial products, but difficulties in processing the rigid, sometimes
brittle polymer thwarted their efforts.
 Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method in 1926
to plasticize PVC by blending it with various additives.

11. Strengths Limitations
Rigid PVC
•Low cost & high stiffness
•Intrinsic flame retardant
•FDA compliant & also suitable for transparent
applications
•Better chemical resistance than plasticized
PVC
•Good electrical insulation & vapor barrier
properties
•Good dimensional stability at room
temperature
•Difficult to melt process
•Limited solvent stress cracking resistance
•Becomes brittle at 5°C (when not modified
with impact modifiers and/or processing aids)
•Low continuous service temperature of 50°C
Key points of rigid PVC

12. Key points of flexible PVC
Flexible PVC
Limitation
•Low cost, flexible & high impact strength
•Good resistance to UV, acids, alkalis, oils
and many corrosive inorganic chemicals
•Good electrical insulation properties
•Non-flammable & versatile performance
profile
•Easier to process than rigid PVC
•Properties can change with time, due to
plasticizer migration
•Attacked by ketones; some grades
swollen or attacked by chlorinated and
aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, some
aromatic ethers and amines, and nitro-
compounds
•Tends to degrade at high temperatures
•Non-suitable for food contact with some
plasticizers
•Lower chemical resistance than rigid
PVC
Strenght

15. SUMMARY OF PREPARATON

16. POLYMERIZATION
EMULSION SUSPENSION
1. Emulsion polymerization is a type of
radical polymerization that usually
starts with an emulsion incorporating
water, monomer and surfactant. The
most common type of emulsion
polymerization is an oil-in-water
emulsion, in which droplets of
monomer are emulsified in a
continuous phase of water.
1. Suspension polymerization is a
heterogeneous radical polymerization
process that uses mechanical
agitation to mix a monomer or
mixture of monomers in a liquid
phase, such as water, while the
monomers polymerize, forming
spheres of polymer.

17. EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

18. SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION

19. EMULSION Vs SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION
EMULSION SUSPENSION
2. Emulsion polymerization results in an impure
polymer and hence purification is needed to be
done.
2. Polymer obtained is more pure compared to the
emulsion polymerization.
3. Degree of polymerization is high compared to
suspension polymerization.
3. Low degree of polymerization.
4. The polymerization process occurs within the
micelle.
4. The polymerization process occurs in the
dispersion medium and depends upon the agitator
speed.
5. It produces polymers of HIGH MOLECULAR
WEIGHT.
5. Small amount of undesired LOW MOLECULAR
WEIGHT polymer is also formed.
6 Used for large number of monomers like vinyl
chloride, vinyl acetate etc.
6. Used for producing 90% of all PVC products.

21. PROPERTIES OF PVC
PVC is a very versatile and cost-effective material. Its main properties and benefits include:
Electrical Properties: PVC is a good insulation material, thanks to its good dielectric strength.
Durability: PVC is resistant to weathering, chemical rotting, corrosion, shock and abrasion. It is therefore the
preferred choice for many long-life and outdoor products.
Flame Retardancy: Because of its high chlorine content, PVC products are self- extinguishing. Its oxidation index is
≥45. Antimony trioxide has been used extensively, usually in combination with phosphate ester plasticizers, giving
excellent fire performance and mechanical properties.
Cost/Performance Ratio: PVC has good physical as well as mechanical properties and provides excellent cost-
performance advantages. It has long life span and need low maintenance.
Mechanical Properties: PVC is abrasion-resistant, lightweight and tough.
Chemical Resistance: PVC is resistant to all inorganic chemicals. It has very good resistance against diluted acids,
diluted alkalis and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Attacked by ketones; some grades swollen or attacked by chlorinated and
aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, some aromatic ethers and amines, and nitro- compounds

22. APPLICATION
Application Rigid PVC Flexible PVC
Construction
Window Frames, Pipes, House Siding,
Ports, Roofing
Waterproof Membranes, Cable
Insulations, Roof Lining, Greenhouses
Domestic
Curtain Rails, Drawer Sides, Laminates,
Audio and Videotape Cases, Records
Flooring, Wall Coverings, Shower
Curtains, Leather Cloth, Hosepipes
Packaging
Bottles, Blister Packs, Transparent Packs
and Punnets
Cling Film
Transport Car Seat Backs
Under Seal, Roof Linings, Leather Cloth
Upholstery, Wiring Insulation, Window
Seals, Decorative Trim
CONTI.....

23. CONTI.....
Medical -
Oxygen Tents, Bags And Tubing For
Blood Transfusions, Drips and Dialysis
Liquids
Clothing Safety Equipment
Waterproofs for Fishermen and
Emergency Services, Life-Jackets, Shoes,
Wellington Boots, Aprons and Baby
Pants
Electrical
Insulation pipes, Jacketing, Electricity
Distribution Boxes, Switches,
Transparent Distributor Box Housings,
Plug Housings & Battery Terminals
Cable & Wire insulation, plugs, cable
jackets, sockets, Sable Heads and
Distributors
Others
Floppy-Disk Covers, Credit Cards, Traffic
Signs
Conveyor Belts, Inflatables, Sports
Goods, Toys, Garden Hoses
Application Rigid PVC Flexible PVC

25. RECYCLING OF PVC
Products made from PVC are 100% recyclable and can be identified as recycling code #3.
Key methods for PVC recycling include:
 Mechanical Recycling
 Chemical Recycling
 Feedstock Recycling

26. LIMITATION
 Poor heat stability
 Properties can change with time, due to plasticizer
migration
 Flexible PVC has lower chemical resistance than rigid
PVC
 Rigid PVC has low continuous service temperature of
50°C

27. THANK YOU