Present and Past Perfect Orlenys Rivas

1. Author: Orlenys Rivas
ID: 27.195.323
Teacher : Cesar Velasquez
PRESENT AND PAST
PERFECT
BOLIVIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
MINISTRY OF POPULAR POWER FOR EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE
“SANTIAGO MARIÑO”
MATURIN EXTENSION

2. PRESENT PERFECT
Hello!
The present perfect in English is
formed using 'has’ or 'have' and
the past participle of the verb.
DEFINITION
Use
We use the present perfect in
English when we are talking
about an event that started in the
past and the event still has some
influence in the present.
WAY OF WRITING
Subject +
auxiliary verb
+
main verb + complement
I haven’t published the document
CHARACTERISTIC
Describe unfinished time
E.g. I have worked as an engineer since 2020
Refer to indefinite time
E.g. I have seen the cave of the guácharo
Express experience or result
E.g. She has already watched this movie 3
times.
Orlenys Rivas

3. STRUCTURES AND
CONJUGATION
OF THE PRESENT
PERFECT
The present perfect
has three structures:
affirmative, negative
and interrogative.
AFFIRMATIVE STRUCTURE
Subject + Auxiliary have + Verb in participle + Complement
Example I have talked to the English teacher
NEGATIVE STRUCTURE
Subject + Auxiliary have + Not + Verb in participle + Complement
Example You have not cleaned the house
INTERROGATIVE STRUCTURE
Auxiliary verb have / has + Subject + Verb in participle + Complement
Example Has she cooked coffee?
Orlenys Rivas

4. AUXILIARY
PRONOUN CONJUGATION
I
HAVE
YOU
HE
HAS
SHE
IT
WE
HAVE
YOU
THEY
PAST PERFECT
Use
It is used to recapitulate an action that happened in the past before another. In
this case, the first action is conjugated in the past perfect, while the second, the
most recent, in the simple past.
For example:
I had seen the movie before reading the book
DEFINITION
The past perfect is built with had (past of have) + the past participle.
This allows expressing an action that occurred before another action,
both being in the past.
Orlenys Rivas

5. PAST PERFECT
The past perfect has three
structures: affirmative, negative and
interrogative:
STRUCTURES AND
CONJUGATION
OF THE PAST PERFECT
AFFIRMATIVE STRUCTURE
NEGATIVE STRUCTURE
INTERROGATIVE STRUCTURE
Subject + Auxiliary Had + Past Verb + Complement
Example: I had met them before the
meeting
Subject + Auxiliary Had + Not + Past Verb +
Complement
Example: You had not said how long the video
call is.
Auxiliary Had + Subject + Past Verb +
Complement
Example: Had she left her
workplace before lunch time?
Orlenys Rivas

6. AUXILIARY
PRONOUN CONJUGATION
I
HAD
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
The past perfect is very similar to the present perfect
because the event also started in the past. However, the
difference between the events is that the past perfect
event also ended in the past. This can be used with a
specified time.
For example:
“I had studied in China last year”.
This also implies that the event happened a long time
ago.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST PERFECT
? ? ?
Orlenys Rivas