OM VERMA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING ABHANPUR RAIPUR C.G

1. GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING
RAIPUR C.G.
SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
PRESENTED BY
OM VERMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

4. The spontaneous abortion of a woman's
pregnancy before the 20th week that can be
both physically and emotionally painful.
According to jagjeet kour
Miscarriage (also called a spontaneous
abortion) is the loss of a pregnancy before 20
abortion) is the loss of a pregnancy before 20
weeks’ gestation. Most miscarriages happen
in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Chromosomal problems cause most
miscarriages.
According to K. Swaminathan

5. Recurrent spontaneous abortion is
define as sequence of two or more
continuously abortion before 20
weeks of pregnancy it is called
weeks of pregnancy it is called
spontaneous abortion .
According to M.J. Simmons.

7. DIABETES IS UNCONTROLLED,
persistently high blood sugar levels can damage
nerves, blood vessels, and vital organs. and effect the
mothers embryo / fetus.
UTERUS OR CERVIX PROBLEMS
MATERNAL HEALTH CONDITIONS
UTERUS OR CERVIX PROBLEMS
Incompetent cervix occurs when your cervix opens,
weakens or shortens too early in pregnancy. It's also
known as cervical insufficiency. It can cause problems
including miscarriage (loss of the pregnancy) and
premature birth (being born before 20 weeks of
pregnancy).

8. infections can be passed to the fetus before or
during birth and damage the fetus or cause a
spontaneous abortion .
That can cause problems include the following:
Chlamydial infection. ...
INFECTIONS
Chlamydial infection. ...
Gonorrhea. ...
Syphilis. ...
Human immunodeficiency virus. ...
Genital herpes. ...
Zika virus infection is transmitted primarily
by Aedes mosquitoes,

9. TORCH INFECTION
( toxoplasmosis, others (syphilis,
hepatitis B), rubella, cytomegalovirus,
herpes simplex. ) in the uterus when the
herpes simplex. ) in the uterus when the
mother catches the infectious disease
and carries it through her bloodstream to
the Fetus and lead the spontaneous
abortion .

10. Hormonal problems
Hormonal imbalances can cause a
miscarriage if the uterine lining doesn't
develop normally for implantation and
develop normally for implantation and
nourishment of a fertilized egg. Elevated
prolactin (reproductive hormone
produced in the pituitary gland) levels
can alter proper development of the
uterine lining.

11. Thyroid disease –
fetus requires a certain level of thyroid hormone
to support a developing fetus as well as own
expanded metabolic needs, having low levels of
thyroid hormone can irreversibly impair fetal
thyroid hormone can irreversibly impair fetal
growth and development in early pregnancy
and lead to spontaneous abortion .

12. GENETIC FACTORS
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
An extra chromosome or a missing
chromosome can cause miscarriage, usually in
chromosome can cause miscarriage, usually in
the first or second trimester of pregnancy, or
can lead to a child with learning difficulties or
intellectual disability and birth defects.

13. IMMUNOLOGICAL CAUSES.
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an
autoimmune disorder in which a person's
immune system mistakenly makes
antibodies to certain substances involved in
antibodies to certain substances involved in
normal blood clotting. hyper-alert immune
system attacks own healthy
tissues Antiphospholipid syndrome is
associated with repeated miscarriages and
fetal deaths.

14. @. Endocrine And Metabolic Factor Causes Of Miscarriage
@. Implantation Abnormality
Improper implantation of the fertilized egg or ovum that is
unable to attach in the proper place is one of the important
causes of miscarriage
@. Ingestion of Tetrogenic drugs
@. Ingestion of Tetrogenic drugs
@. UTI
@. Radiation.
@. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol or using
illegal drugs.

15. Inner most layer uterus rupture

18. THREATENED INEVITABLE COMPLETE INCOMPLETE MISSED SEPTIC

19. ISOLATED SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS
may result from certain viruses—most
notably cytomegalovirus, herpesvirus,
parvovirus, and rubella virus. Other
causes include immunologic
causes include immunologic
abnormalities and major trauma.
Most often, the cause is unknown.
Risk factors for spontaneous abortion
include. Age > 35.

21. The Condition Is Called A "Threatened
Abortion." (This Refers To A Natural Event
That Is Not Due To A Medical Or Surgical
Abortion.) Miscarriage Is Common. Small
THREATENED ABORTION."
Abortion.) Miscarriage Is Common. Small
Falls, Injuries Or Stress During The First
Trimester Of Pregnancy Can Cause
Threatened Miscarriage.

23. INEVITABLE ABORTION
Inevitable abortion is diagnosed in the
presence of cramping, vaginal bleeding, an
open cervical os first 20 week of gestational
open cervical os first 20 week of gestational
bleeding moderate and fetus death pain
usually more.

31. Prostaglandin E ( Misoprostol ) –
it is a given which stimulates
uterine contraction that aid in
uterine contraction that aid in
expulsion of reaming fetus tissue.

32. Vacuum aspiration –
The remaining tissue in the uterus can be
removed by mechanical pump (suction )
Dilation and Curettage –
Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a procedure to
Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a procedure to
remove tissue from inside your uterus. Health
care providers perform dilation and curettage to
diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions —
such as heavy bleeding — or to clear the uterine
lining after a miscarriage or abortion.