This document analyzes new transportation modes in India. It discusses how rapid urbanization has led to unprecedented demand for mobility services. This has resulted in the implementation and innovation of various transportation options like metro rail, e-rickshaws, bullet trains, and more. The document then analyzes metro rail systems and their growth in India. It provides details on the Noida and Delhi metro to examine connectivity between sectors 51 and 52. Cost-effectiveness of metro rail and other transportation options like cabs are also compared. Electric rickshaws in Delhi are then discussed, highlighting their popularity and regulations.

1. ANALYSIS OF NEW TRANSPORTATION
MODE IN INDIA

2. INTRODUCTION
• India, one of the fastest growing economic in the world, is achieving the growth rate
of 7.5% per annum. With this growing population the country is working hard to
transform itself in every sector.
• Due to this rapid urbanization country led to an unprecedented increase in demand
for mobality services, which led to growth of new modes of transportation in India.
• This demand has led to the implementation and innovation of diverse transportation
services in India such as metro rail, E-rickshaw, Bullet train and many other.
• Our analysis highlights the role of new transportation system in meeting mobility
needs by providing flexible, affordable and eco-friendly transportation services in
India.

3. GROWTH RATE OF AUTOMOBILIES SOLD
IN INDIA

4. SOME NEW MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
IMPLEMENTED IN INDIA
• Metro rail
• Cabs Services
• Electric Rickshaw
• CNG Buses

5. METHODOLOGY
1) Case Study
2) Analysis
3) Sustainability: We will analyse the sustainability of each mode of
transport based on:-
a) Energy source
b) Energy efficiency
c) Environmental hazards associated

6. 4) Cost effectiveness: The aspect of our analysis divide into
a) Cost of technology
b) Cost of operation
c) Cost of fuel
d) End user cost
5) Effect on traffic: It efers to the effect of transport system upon existing traffic
condition, whether it is positive or negative. All aspect of traffic directly or indirectly will
be analysed.
6) Accessibility with safety: The analysis will include
a) Factor of safety
b) Probability of accident
c) operational resilience
7)Advantages and Disadvantages

7. METRO RAIL
There are currently 10 operational rapid transit also called ‘METRO’
system in 10 cities of India. As of September 2018, India has 515
kilometre of operational metro lines and 381 stations. AA further 500+
km of lines are under construction. Metro rail lines in India are
composed of mainly standard gauge. Project line Kolkata metro and
Delhi metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines but all new project
in India are on standard gauge as rolling stock imported is of standard
gauge.

8. Sectors 51 and 52 are adjacent sectors in Noida city. The population
of Noida as per the Census of India, 2011 was 642,381 with a
population density of 2,463 per square km. Noida Sector 51 is served
by the Noida Sector 51 Metro Station, which is a starting station on the
Aqua line of the Noida Metro, while Noida Sector 52 is served by the
Noida Sector 52 Metro Station on the Blue Line extension of the Delhi
Metro Railway. The Blue line connects to Noida Electronic City and
Delhi while the Aqua line connects to Greater Noida. Thus, it can be
inferred that sectors 51 and 52 can be said to be well connected via
the metro rail rapid transit. Both metro stations have only recently
become operational this year.

9. COST EFFECTIVENESS
DMRC(Yellow line):
• Civil lines to Vidhan Sabha= INR 10(b/w 2 stations)
• Vishwavidyala to Civil lines= INR 20(b/w 3 stations)
• Vishwavidyalaya to Jama Masjid= INR 30(b/w 6 stations)

12. Station
1
Station
2
Station
3
Station
4
Station
5
Station
6
Station
7
Station
8
Station
9
Station
1
10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 30
Station
2
10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30
Station
3
20 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30
Station
4
20 20 10 10 10 20 20 20 30
Station
5
20 20 20 10 10 10 20 20 20
Station
6
30 20 20 20 10 10 10 20 20
Station
7
30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 20
Station
8
30 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10
Station
9
30 30 30 30 20 20 20 10 10

13. Daily Ridership
⦁ The average daily ridership of the Noida Metro Rail/Aqua Line is 11,000 commuters on
March 2019 while that of the Blue Line was 915,172 commuters on January 2015.
Interchangeability
⦁ The Sector 51 and Sector 52 Metro Stations do not have an interchange station like
other lines of the DMRC. As such, passengers have to deboard and switch trains from
one station to the other.
⦁ NMRC uses a QR code based ticketing system and smartcards while the DMRC uses
tokens and smartcards, which are not interchangeable.
Usability
⦁ For people commuting from Greater Noida to South Delhi, taking the Magenta Line
from Botanical Gardens Metro Station is easier as, the Aqua Line connects to inner
areas of Noida.
⦁ Travel time is increased because of the additional frisking, ticketing, scanning of
luggage.

14. Frisking
⦁ People commuting through the Blue Line and Aqua Line have
to udergo frisking again as they deboard their metro line.
Effect on private e-rickshaws
⦁ E-rickshaws & auto rickshaws were earlier plying from Sector 51
Metro Station to Noida City Centre. Those rickshaws have now
ceased to exist and now ply from the metro stations to destinations
within the inner pockets of Sector 51 and 52.

15. ⦁ An all-weather pedestrian pathway has been developed in the 300
metre distance between Sector 51 and 52 Metro Stations. The walk
takes about 5 minutes.
⦁ 5 e-rickshaws each have been deployed between Noida Sector-51
Metro Station on the Blue Line and Sector-52 Metro Station on the
Aqua Line.
• The e-rickshaws deployed will offer free of cost rides. The ride from
one station to another takes about a minute.
⦁ To overcome the shortcomings of the commute, NMRC plies 50
metro feeder buses in 16 routeds from Noida & Greater Noida.

17. Urban mobility landscape in India has completely transformed over last
3 years. It is now led by a breed of new age startups – cab aggregators
like Uber and Ola; self-driven rental car services like Zoomcar, Voler etc
and ride sharing services like Ryde and Bla Bla Car. These ventures
are endeavouring to organize the highly fragmented Indian
transportation sector and ensuring quick, reliable and smart service for
the customers.

18. There has been a steady decline in the growth of cab hailing services in Delhi NCR and India in
general. The enthusiasm of the public is slowly fading towards these services. The growth of DMRC
& NMRC has a major role to play in this decline.

19. COST EFFECTIVENESS
Rajiv Chowk to New Delhi Railway Station(1.6km):
• UberGo: INR 80
• Ola Mini: INR 89
• DMRC: INR 10
• DTC: INR 5

22. ELECTRIC RICKSHAW
• E-rickshaw have been becoming more popular in some cities since 2008 as an
alternative to Auto-rickshaw and pulled rickshaw because low fuel cost and less
human effort.
• They are widely accepted as an alternative to Petrol/ Diesel/ CNG Auto-rickshaws.
They are pulled by 3 wheels pulled by electric motor ranging from 650 to 1400 watts.
• They are mostly manufactured in India and China, only a few other countries.
Battery run rickshaw could be a low-emitter complementary transport for low income
people, who suffers most from a lack of transport facility, if introduce in a sysmetic
manner according to experts.

23. • Nirman Vihar comes under Preet Vihar Tehsil(East Delhi) having total population of 1,066,098 as per the Census
2011.
• E-Rickshaws were first came into existence in 2008 but got popular in 2015. As per a report of Centre of Civil
Society (CCS), the number of E-rickshaws has risen from 4000 in 2010 to more than 1 Lakh.
• But a large percentage of such vehicles are still unregistered. There are only 29,123 registered E-rickshaws from
April 2013 to March 2017 as per Delhi government records.
• There are approximately one lakh e-rickshaws in Delhi, of which only about 15,000 have done registration. The
rest are plying on the roads without registration.
• Earlier, e-rickshaws were not required to follow the Motor Vehicles Act. But, the government brought these
rickshaws under the ambit of the Motor Vehicles Act making it mandatory for the owners to fulfill all those
conditions as required for the taxis and autorickshwas.
• Prior to government's decision, if someone met an accident due to rash or negligent driving of an e-rickshaw, the
victim was not entitled for any claim as it required registration of the vehicle under the laws.
• According to reports, most of the e-rickshaw drivers don't have a driving license and also many of them are under
18. This makes the high court ruling very significant. The Delhi High Court's ruling has come while hearing a public
interest litigation (PIL) seeking a regulation of e-rickshaws in Delhi.
• PIL claimed that several people had lost their lives after in accidents caused by unregistered e-rickshaws.

26. • For peak hours the avg. travellers are around 172 travellers/hour.
• There are 105 E-Rickshaws are plying in the que at an instant for their turn to take
their passengers.
• The length of the que is about 200m,plying on the side of the road which is illegal
and there are no rules and regulations working on it.
• After,about half an hour of waiting a driver can pick his passengers and exit from the
que.
• A single driver can Earn about INR400-INR500 a day.
• Many of them have not registration number and not even driving license.
• Few of the drivers are illiterate and below 18 years.
• It slows down the traffic movement due to its low speed.
• And due to lack of traffic knowledge they do not obey traffic laws and reults in traffic
congestion.

27. SOME OF THE IMPORTANT NEWS ABOUT
E-RICKSHAW
• E-rickshaws may soon be back on Delhi's roads. The Lok Sabha today passed amendments to the
archaic Motor Vehicle Act (MVA) to allow for thousands of battery-operated rickshaws to come
back on the streets of the national capital.(19 dec. 2014)
• Delhi High Court today directed the AAP government to formulate an insurance policy for e-
rickshaws to help mishap victims claim compensation and prohibit plying of any such unregistered
vehicle on the roads of the national capital.(15 feb.2016)
• The first Ola e-rickshaw was booked on the Ola mobile application by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi at the launch of 'Stand Up India' initiative.(6 april 2016)
• A three-year-old boy was crushed to death by an e-rickshaw in northeast Delhi's Mansarovar Park
area.(26 aug. 2016)
• The Delhi High Court today directed the traffic police and the enforcement department of Delhi
government to impound or seize all e-rickshaws plying in the national capital without a registration
certificate.(25 oct. 2016)

28. A CASE STUDY ON CNG BUS
BY: MAYANK RAJ
• In 1991 India published the first exhaust emission standard, but there where
no fuel quality standards.
• In 1993, CNG had become available in Delhi At three filling stations for
industrial and domestic users.
• In 1998 the Supreme court published a directive that specified that the date
of April 2001 as a deadline to replace or convert all busses, three wheeler
and taxis to CNG.
• At the beginning of 2005: 10,300 busses and 5000 mini busses run by CNG
on Delhi road
• By December 2002 last diesel busses had disappeared from Delhi road to
improve public transport by offering more busses running on CNG.

29. CNG (COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) BUS
• CNG is a fuel which can be used in place of gasoline, diseal fuel and LPG.
• As we know gasoline is potentially dangerous fuel but by understanding
how to handle it we have learned to use it safely. The same is true for
natural gas, CNG is stored under high pressure and range of flammability
and combustion
• Is much more narrow with CNG, making it safer than gasoline.
• CNG produces far fewer harmful emission and hydrocarbons. Using CNG
makes the engine cleaner and more efficient. It minimize harmful carbon
deposits when combusted. THIS result to a cleaner and more efficient
engine as well as longer lasting spark plug.

31. THANK YOU