The Plaque Index (PI) measures the thickness of dental plaque on the facial, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces of six index teeth. Scores range from 0 to 3, with 0 indicating no plaque and 3 representing an abundance of soft plaque. The PI is calculated by adding the scores from each surface and dividing by the total number of surfaces examined. The PI is widely used because it provides a simple, fast assessment of common periodontal conditions like plaque, gingivitis and calculus.

3.  An index is an indicator or measure of
something.
 Indices are used to measure prevalence of
periodontal diseases in population, various
characteristics are to be checked to assess
the periodontal disease.

4. 1. Dental plaque.
2. Gingival inflammation.
3. Periodontitis.
4. Calculus.

5.  Described by Silness and Loe 1964 .
 Used for assessment of the thickness of
plaque at the gingival area of the tooth.
 Area of examination: facial, lingual, mesial,
and distal .
 Only 6 index teeth used for scoring of this
index:
6 2 4
___________________ for
permanent teeth

6. E B D
_______________________ for primary teeth
D B E

7. 0 free of plaque.
1 No plaque seen by the naked eye, recognized by running the
probe or use disclosing agent.
2 a thin to moderate accumulation f soft deposits which can be
seen with the naked eye.
3 abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket or tooth
surface.
 PI for a tooth = the scores from the four
areas of the tooth are added and divided
by four .

8.  For individual
sum of all individual plaque scores
PLI =
_____________________________________
___
total no. of surfaces examined
 For group
total scores of individuals in a
group
PLI

9.  Developed by Ennerver et al in 1961.
 Assess the presence or absence of supra
gingival or sub-gingival calculus on 4 or 6
mandibular incisors & canines, by visual or
tactile examination.
 Each incisor is divided into 4 scoring units
labial, lingual, and 2 proximal.

10.  Each surface with calculus is scored 1
without calculus scored
2
 CSI for a person =sum of total calculus
points on the 16 surfaces surveyed or
examined.
 Interpretation

11.  Developed by loe and silness in 1963.
 Assessing the severity of gingivitis.
 Examination site: all surfaces of all teeth or
selected teeth (index teeth), or selected surfaces
of all teeth or selected teeth.
 Examination is by using blunt probe and press it on
the gingiva to determine its degree of firmness and
run it along the soft tissue wall.
 This index is widely used, why?

12. 0 absent of inflammation / normal gingiva.
1 Mild inflammation, slight change in color, slight
edema, no bleeding on probing.
2 Moderate inflammation, moderate glazing,
redness, edema and hypertrophy, bleeding on
probing.
3 Sever inflammation, marked redness and
hypertrophy, ulceration, tendency to spontaneous
bleeding.

13. total
scores
 GI for individual =
____________________________
total no. of
examined surfaces
total scores of all
subjects
 GI for group =
_______________________________________
total no. of examined
subjects

14.  Developed by WHO and F.D.I. 1982.
 The CPITN is recommended for epidemiological
surveys of periodontal health.
 The examination is done by special probe
(CPITN).
 The index measured by examined six index
teeth (sextant) 6 1 6
 6 1 6

15. 0 no need for care
1 gingival bleeding
2 presence of calculus and
plaque
3presence of 4 to 5 mm
pocket
4 presence of 6mm or
deeper
0 no treatment need
1 need improvement of
personal OH.
2 need professional
cleaning.
3deep pocket 6mm or
deeper need deep scaling,
root planning, and more
complex procedure.

16. 1. Simplicity.
2. Speed.
3. Records the common
treatable conditions like
periodontal pockets, gingival
inflammation, and calculus.
4. International uniformity.

17.  Developed by Sigurd P. Ramfjord in 1959.
 It’s a modification of Russel’s periodontal index
 PI measure the level of the periodontal
attachment related to the cemento-enamel
junction of the tooth
 Composed of three component: plaque
component of PDI, calculus component of
PDI, and gingival and periodontal
component of PDI.(all components are developed by
ramfjord, use 6 index teeth )

18.  Assess plaque extent covering the surface area of
tooth.
 The surfaces scored: facial, lingual, mesial, and
distal.
 Scoring criteria (missing teeth should not be
substituted)
0 no plaque.
1 plaque present on some but not on all interproximal, buccal, and lingual
surface.
2 plaque present on all surfaces but cover less than one half of these
surfaces.
3 plaque extending over all surfaces, covering more than one half of these
surfaces.

19.  Assess present and extent of calculus on the
6 index teeth, only on facial and lingual
surfaces.
 Criteria of scoring:
0 absence of calculus.
1 supra gingival calculus extending slightly below free
gingival margin (1 mm and less).
2 moderate amount of supra and sub gingival calculus or
sub gingival calculus alone.
3 abundance of supra gingival and sub gingival calculus.
 Calculation= total scores/ no. of teeth
examined

20. GINGIVITIS:
0 absence of sings of
inflammation.
1 mild to moderate infl. Not
extend around the tooth
2 mild to moderate sever
gingivitis extend all around the
tooth.
3 sever gingivitis, marked
redness, swelling, tendency to
bleed, ulceration.
GINGIVAL CREVICE (GC)
DEPTH:
4 GC in any surface extend apically
to CEJ not more than 3 mm.
5 GC in any surface extend apically
to CEJ from 3 mm to 6 mm.
6 GC in any surface extend apically
to CEJ more than 6 mm apically.
 Calculation= total scores/
no. of teeth examined