easy topic in phd

1. GOOD MORNING

2. INDICES OF GINGIVAL
DISEASES

3. INDEX
Acc to Russell.A.L ,
A numerical value describing
the relative status of a population on a
graduated scale with definite upper and lower
limits,which is designed to permit and facilitate
comparison with other population classified by
the same criteria and methods

4. TYPES OF INDICES
1.Plaque indices
2.Gingival indices
3.Periodontal indices
4.Treatment needs indices

6. GINGIVITIS
*It is a common and mild form of gum disease that
causes inflammation,irritation and redness of gingiva.
Types: Acute gingivitis
Recurrent gingivitis
Chronic gingivitis

9. GINGIVAL INDEX(GI)
• Developed by Loe H and silness J in 1963.
• For the purpose of assessing the severity of gingivitis
and its location in the four possible areas by examining
only qualitative changes( I.e;the severity of the lesion) of
the gingival soft tissue.
• This index shows good validity,reliability,and ease of use.

10. INSTRUMENTS USED
•Mouth mirror
•Periodontal probe

11. METHOD: • The severity of gingivitis is scored on all
teeth or on selected index teeth.

12. THE INDEX TEETH ARE:
16 Maxillary right first molar
12 Maxillary left lateral incisor
24 Maxillary left first premolar
36 Mandibular left first molar
32 Mandibular left lateral incisor
44 Mandibular right first premolar

13. • The tissues surrounding each tooth are divided into four
gingival scoring units:
•disto-facial papilla
•facial margin
•mesio-facial papilla
•entire lingual gingival margin
•The teeth and gingiva should be dried lightly with a blast of air
or cotton rolls.

14. SCORING CRITERIA
• Score Criteria
0 Absence of inflammation/normal gingiva
1 Mild inflammation,slight change in
color,slight edema;no bleeding on
probing.
2 Moderate inflammation;moderate
glazing,redness,edema and
hypertrophy,bleeding on probing
3 Severe inflammation;marked redness
and hypertrophy,ulceration,tendency to
spontaneous bleeding.

15. RECORDING FORMAT

16. CALCULATION:
💥GI score for the area :
-Each area (disto-facial,facial,mesio-facial,lingual) is assigned a score
from 0 to 3
💥 GI score for a tooth:
-The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and then
divided by four.
💥GI score for the individual:
-The indices for each of the teeth are added and then divided by the
total number of teeth examined.The score range from 0 to 3

17. 💥GI score for a group:
-The indices for each member of a group or population is
added up and then divided by the total number of individuals in
the group or population
Gingival scores Condition
0.1- 1.0 Mild gingivitis
1.1-2.0 Moderate
gingivitis
2.1-3.0 Severe gingivitis

18. USES:
1.To determine the prevalence and severity of
gingivitis in epidemiologic surveys.
2. For assessment of severity of gingivitis in
individual dentition
3. In controlled clinical trials of preventive or
therapeutic agents.

21. THANK YOU 🐥