A briefed but precised note on the respiratory system of humans

1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF
HUMANS
BY: NOAMESI OYEH CORNELIUS
CALVARY HILLCREST SCHOOLS

2. OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Respiration
3. Structures and
functions of the
respiratory system
4. Processes (stages) of
respiration
5. Types of respiration
6. Breathing
7. Some common
respiratory disorders
8. Assignment

3. INTRODUCTION
The cells of the body need energy (ATP) for all their metabolic
activities. Most of this energy is derived from chemical
reactions which can only take place in the presence of oxygen
(O2) in multicellular organisms and the absence of oxygen (O2)
in some unicellular organisms.
The main waste/end product of these reactions is carbon
dioxide (CO2).

4. RESPIRATION
● Word Equation
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
● Chemical Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

5. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

6. The respiratory system is divided into two (2) parts. They are the upper respiratory
and lower respiratory tract.
● Upper respiratory tract
❖ Nose, nostrils and nasal
cavity
❖ Pharynx
❖ Larynx
❖ Upper trachea
● Lower respiratory tract
❖ Lower trachea
❖ Lungs
❖ Bronchi
❖ Bronchioles
❖ Alveoli

11. Features of the alveoli that enable they to perform their functions

12. STAGES OF RESPIRATION
● External respiration: this stage of respiration
involves the exchange of gases between the blood
and the lungs.
● Internal respiration: this stage involves the
exchange of gases between the blood and the calls.

13. Differences between external respiration and internal respiration
External respiration
● Occurs outside the
cells
● Does not produce
energy, carbon
dioxide and water
● Does not involve the
use of glucose
Internal respiration
● Occurs inside of cells
● Produces energy,
carbon dioxide and
water
● Involves the use of
glucose

14. TYPES OF RESPIRATION
● Aerobic respiration
GLUCOSE + OXYGEN ENERGY + WATER + CARBON
DIOXIDE

15. TYPES OF RESPIRATION
● Anaerobic respiration
➔ Lactic acid/ lactate fermentation (In the human skeletal muscles)
GLUCOSE LESS ENERGY + LACTIC ACID
➔ Alcohol fermentation (In yeast and bacteria)
GLUCOSE LESS ENERGY + ALCOHOL + CARBON DIOXIDE

16. BREATHING
Breathing is the process by which animals take
oxygen into the lungs and give out carbon dioxide.
This means that breathing forms part of respiration.
The process of breathing is involuntary. It consists of
two main stages.

17. MOVEMENTS IN THE RIB
CAGE, LUNGS AND THE
DIAPHRAGM DURING
BREATHING
● https://youtu.be/hp-gCvW8PRY
● https://youtu.be/zRv5tNCMpyY

18. SOME COMMON RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
● Common cold
● Tonsillitis
● Hay fever
● Bronchitis
● Asthma
● Tracheitis

19. ASSIGNMENT