Listening Types Process Psychological Barriers

1. Listening
English II
Nimra Faraz

2. Auditory- Listening
Listening is a process which engages the
speaker as well as the listener.

3. Listening is defined as:
“ The process of receiving, attending to and
assigning meaning to aural and visual
stimuli (Information or event; acts to arouse
action).”

4. Hearing Vs. Listening
Hearing is primarily a
physical act that depends
on ears.
Requires no special efforts
from the listener
It happens automatically,
unless there is a physical
disability.
Listening is a conscious
activity
Requires the conscious
involvement of the
listener, the
acknowledgment of
understanding and
purpose
Listener has to analyze,
judge& conclude.

5. Four Types of Listening
Appreciative Listening
Emphatic Listening
Comprehensive/Active Listening
Critical/ Analytical Listening

6. Appreciative Listening
listening for pleasure and enjoyment, as
when we listen to music, to a comedy
routine, or to an entertaining speech
describes how well speakers choose and use
words, use humour, ask questions. tell
stories, and argue persuasively.

7. Emphatic Listening
listening to provide emotional support for
the speaker, as when a psychiatrist listens to
a patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear
to a friend
focuses on understanding and identifying
with a person’s situation, feelings, or
motives

8. Comprehensive/ Active Listening
listening to understand the message of a
speaker, as when we attend a classroom
lecture or listen to directions for finding a
friend’s house
focuses on accurately understanding the
meaning of the speaker’s words while
simultaneously interpreting non-verbal cues
such as facial expressions, gestures, posture,
and vocal quality

9. Critical/ Analytical Listening
listening to evaluate a message for purposes
of accepting or rejecting it, as when we
listen to the sales pitch of a used-car dealer
or the campaign speech of a political
candidate
focuses on evaluating whether a message is
logical and reasonable

10. The Listening Process
Receiving
Interpreting
Remembering
Evaluating
Responding

11. Barriers to Listening
Physical
Psychological
Overload of message
Ego
Perceptions

12. Physical barriers
Physical Barriers consist of any sound that
prevents a person from being heard.
Physical noise interferes with a speaker’s
ability to send messages and with an
audience’s ability to receive them.
Examples: whispers, cheers, passing cars

13. Psychological barriers
The speaker speaks in a shrill voice that
does not reach the receiver.
The speaker speaks very rapidly or with an-
accent that is not clear.
The receiver lets the mind wander rather
than stay focused on the message.

14. Overload of message
It is difficult for the brain to digest the
overloaded message.
When the message is lengthy or illogical in
sequencing, it becomes more painful to
retain the concentration.

15. Ego
Thinking that my own ideas are more
important than those of other persons or “I
am always right” and “the other is wrong”
is the major stumbling block in the way of
listening.
Listening requires open mind and heart free
from negative emotions.
If the mind is closed for the other person’s
message, there will be no listening.”

16. Perceptions
Our perceptions are selective and limited.
As a result we indulge in selective listening-
taking the ‘desired’ part and leaving the
‘undesired part of the message. We do not
listen what the other is saying but what we
want to listen.

17. How to become a better listener
Listening is a precious gift- It helps
build relationship, solve problems,
ensure understanding, resolve
conflicts, and improve accuracy. At
work, effective listening means fewer
errors and less wasted time. At home,
it helps develop resourceful, self-relian
kids who can solve their own
problems. Listening builds friendship
and careers.