Industrial plants and safety project

Industrial plants and safety project
Plant design for steel manufacturing
Professor
Chiaraviglio Alessandro
Team members
Zurabishvili Niko
Murati Rejhana
Mazzariello Giuseppe
Academic year 2018/2019

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Contents
1. Premises.......................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Background information and guidelines...........................................................................4
1.2. Demand.................................................................................................................................4
2. Facility .........................................................................................................................................5
2.1. Centre of gravity..................................................................................................................5
2.2. Production choices...............................................................................................................6
2.3. Layout...................................................................................................................................7
2.4. Number of workers .............................................................................................................8
3. Raw material ...............................................................................................................................9
3.1. Basic information ................................................................................................................9
3.2. Raw material reception.......................................................................................................9
3.2.1. Receiving schedule ........................................................................................................9
3.2.2. Unloading of raw material ...........................................................................................10
3.3. Raw material storage ........................................................................................................11
3.3.1. Cantilever rack .............................................................................................................11
3.3.2. Transportation between rack and machines.................................................................11
4. Production.................................................................................................................................13
4.1. Department description ....................................................................................................13
4.1.1. Basic information, buffer areas and transportation......................................................13
4.1.2. Workspaces ..................................................................................................................15
4.2. Line description.................................................................................................................16
4.2.1. Line balancing and product transportation...................................................................16
5. Finished products.....................................................................................................................19
5.1. Handling of finished products..........................................................................................19
5.2. Live storage........................................................................................................................20
5.3. Shipping schedule..............................................................................................................20
6. Receiving and shipping areas..................................................................................................22
6.1. Buffer area .........................................................................................................................22
6.1.1. Unsent trays..................................................................................................................22
6.2. Docks...................................................................................................................................22
7. Accessory and external areas..................................................................................................25
7.1. Offices and common areas................................................................................................25
7.2. Parking ...............................................................................................................................25
7.3. Overall facility planimetry ...............................................................................................27
8. Specifications for machinery...................................................................................................28

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8.1. Forklifts and accessories...................................................................................................28
8.2. Truck for receiving............................................................................................................33
8.3. Trucks for shipping...........................................................................................................35
8.4. Cantilevers .........................................................................................................................36
8.5. Rollers.................................................................................................................................37
8.6. Hand pallets .......................................................................................................................39

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1. Premises
1.1.Background information and guidelines
The aim of the project is to study the location and design the layout of a factory for the manufacture
of steel products: the team has to analyse different solutions in order to obtain the most efficient and
reasonable configuration for the facility while adhering to the guidelines given by the professor.
One of the constrains is the available working time in a week, considering European regulations
regarding shifts and safety of the workers.
Work parameters
# of shift 1
h/shift 7,5
Working
days/week
5
The plant produces five different types of products: they all are made out of steel but differ in cross
section and general dimensions.
They could be divided in two larger groups taking into account their production cycles.
Item Cycles Cross-section Size (mm)
α RMS-A-B-C-D-E-T-FPS circular L=150 - φ=25
β RMS-A-B-C-D-E-T-FPS circular L=200 - φ=30
χ RMS-A-B-C-D-E-T-FPS circular L=100 - φ=35
δ RMS-F-G-H-E-T-FPS square L=150 - a=40
ε RMS-F-G-H-E-T-FPS square L=200 - a=50
1.2.Demand
The required production, expressed in units per day has been determined as follows:
Pp = 1.75 * [(A + B)] / 6 * Kp
A is the average of the third to last digit of the matriculation number of the students belonging to the
team, while B is the average of the penultimate digit of the matriculation number.
Demand standard deviation is considered to be 10% of Pp and rejected products are assumed to be
equal to 5% of the output.

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Shipping is mandatory at least three times per week, so to satisfy the customers.
Steel bars of six metres are the raw material needed to produce these pieces, and they have to be
received at least once per week according to the guidelines.
Machines have to operate at 90% saturation index to account for maintenance and breakdowns.
2. Facility
2.1.Centre of gravity
Suppliers and customers are located in the North-Western part of Italy, scattered around Piedmont,
Lombardy, Liguria, and Valle d’Aosta.
Supplier Weight City X Y Kg Trucks
SA 45% Alessandria 474120,371 4945773,195 17782,13 3
SB 30% Pavia 495003,532 4985669,960 11854,75 2
SC 25% Biella 432327,718 5039231,328 9878,96 2
Customer Weight City X Y Kg Trucks
CA 30% Torino 377065,312 4988170,862 9483,802166 3
CB 45% Milano 532830,776 5044742,499 14225,70325 5
CC 15% Genova 489543,959 4917711,044 4741,901083 2
CD 10% Aosta 379226,060 5066225,945 3161,267389 1
The centre of gravity has been calculated both considering the weight of material to be moved and
the number of trucks to be used: the difference is indeed negligible.
Kp Demand Demand+scraps Production
α 800 1011,1 1061,7 1062
β 900 1137,5 1194,4 1195
χ 600 758,3 796,3 797
δ 550 695,1 729,9 730
ε 850 1074,3 1128,0 1128

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It has to be taken into account that the first CoG lays in Piedmont while the second one lays in
Lombardy, hence regional regulations may affect land cost and/or facility design.
Cx Cy
467408,4834 4994332,481
2.2.Production choices
The best solution found for production is the following:
• Products α, β, χ are to be produced in a department environment
• Products δ, ε are to be produced with a line
• All products are taken care of in department T before being stored
After some evaluation, this decision was mainly taken on the basis of efficiency.
All the products’ cycles include machine E and workbench T:
Cx (trucks) Cy (trucks)
468371,5226 4998721,96
Machine E
Product # activity Machine
time
Available
time
Saturation
index
α 50 23,41 37,5 62%
β 50 26,31 37,5 70%
χ 50 20,73 37,5 55%
TOT 70,45 37,5 188%
# of machines 2
Total saturation index 94%
Machine E
Product #
activity
Machine
time
Available
time
Saturation
index
α 50 23,41 37,5 62%
β 50 26,31 37,5 70%
χ 50 20,73 37,5 55%
δ 40 23,77 37,5 63%
ε 40 36,60 37,5 98%
TOT 130,82 37,5 349%
# of machines 4
Department without products δ, ε Department with products δ, ε

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As it can be observed, there is a significant improvement in the efficiency of workbenches if all the
products go through them, hence it is a better solution to stop the line production on machine E.
There is also a slight improvement in efficiency for department E if products δ, ε are not processed
there, thus another solution might be more suitable.
Machine times are quite similar for products δ and ε, so a line configuration is feasible.
Assuming products δ and ε are in a line, the efficiency would be higher if they were to be processed
in a common line rather than be processed in a dedicated line:
Common line Dedicated line
2.3.Layout
Machine T
time
Available
time
Saturation
index
α 60 13,28 37,5 35%
β 60 14,94 37,5 40%
χ 60 9,96 37,5 27%
TOT 38,18 37,5 102%
# of machines 2
Machine T
time
Available
time
Saturation
index
α 60 13,28 37,5 35%
β 60 14,94 37,5 40%
χ 60 9,96 37,5 27%
δ 50 9,13 37,5 24%
ε 50 14,10 37,5 38%
TOT 61,41 37,5 164%
# of machines 2
Product Efficiency
δ
90%
ε
Product Efficiency
δ 74%
ε 57%
Department without products δ, ε Department with products δ, ε

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The facility comprises six departments and one line: products α, β, and χ go through departments A
to E, while products δ and ε are processed on the line. All products are finished and inspected in T
department, where workbenches and a buffer area are located.
Department A includes rolling feeders so that the bars can be moved easily by each machine A
operator; same solution has been implemented for machines F at the beginning of the line.
Two cantilever racks are used as raw material storage: easy to build and easy to manoeuvre around,
can hold up to 4 tonnes per level and could be relocated in case of change of layout. It is suggested
to take a look at chapter 8, paragraph 4, if more accurate specifications are needed.
Finished product storage is a live storage with dimensions 3600x3200x5000 mm (Width x Depth x
Height); the distance between shelves is customised for each product for the most efficient use of
space. Inclination of shelves is standard and equal to 4°. For further information, go to chapter 5
paragraph 1.
Both storages are located close to the main door, the dock, and the buffer area in between, so that the
forklift can travel shorter distances.
2.4.Number of workers
Workforce comprises of one worker per machine for a total of twenty-three workers; one supervisor
will overlook the correct functioning of the machinery and the facility in general.
Forklift operators count up to one for raw material handling and one for finished products handling
Cleaning personnel works after closing the facility with a team of five people.
Two cooks will take care of the canteen area to provide all the employees with a proper lunch.
One doctor will be located in the infirmary for the whole work day to provide first aid in case of
accidents on the workplace.
An accountant will take care of finances, and reorders whenever needed.
Security personnel is comprised of two guards, one for daytime and one for night-time.
Total number of workers in the facility at once goes up to thirty-three people; total number of
employees goes up to thirty-nine people.

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3. Raw material
3.1.Basic information
The raw material is steel with a specific weight of 7800 kg/m3
and it arrives in the form of 6 m long
bars that are grouped in bundles.
It is received by three different suppliers, with a different weight each. Specifically, 45% of the raw
material comes from supplier A, 30% from supplier B and 25% from supplier C.
The bundles are sized so that one is sufficient for the amount of products produced in a day by one
machine; in this way the sorting of the material becomes easier and faster.
In the table below there are listed the sizes of bundles for each different product.
Pcs produced
by 1 bar
Bars
needed for
1 tray
bars per day
size of
bundles
α 40 5.2 26.55 9
β 30 4.53 39.83 14
χ 60 4 13.283 5
δ 40 3.4 18.25 10
ε 30 2.8 37.6 19
3.2.Raw material reception
3.2.1. Receiving schedule
The weekly delivery plan is decided according to the weekly demand for products.
The required amount of raw material, considering that the weight of the finished products is 80% of
the raw materials, can be found in the following table.
Weight of material per
customer
Weight of raw
material per customer
CA 9483.165482 11853.957
CB 14223.32912 17779.161
CC 4743.884 5929.855
CD 3162.29528 3952.8691
total 31612.67389 39515.842
The raw material is scheduled to be received on two days: on Monday the facility receives from
supplier A and on Wednesday it receives from suppliers B and C.
In this configuration the docks are used for unloading only in these days.
The truck chosen for this delivery is IVECO EUROCARGO MLC (passo 5175mm), which has a
payload of 6415 kg; the box weight (2670 kg) has already been subtracted from the nominal payload.

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Further specifications can be found in chapter 8, paragraph 2.
This shapes the receiving as follows:
Receiving of raw material
Supplier Weight per supplier # of trucks
SA 17782.12906 3
SB 11854.75271 2
SC 9878.960589 2
3.2.2. Unloading of raw material
The box chosen gives the opportunity to unload the material from the sides of it, hence it is planned
to use a forklift unloading one side at a time.
The chosen model for the forklift is the Combilift CBE-4T and the forks chosen are the MFFS300L
fork spreader; specifications for both can be found in chapter 8, paragraph 1.
With the help of a customized internal structure the forklift can comfortably pick up the material: the
bars are in fact positioned in the truck on four Δ shaped, wooden structures. This gives some clearance
between the bars and the bottom of the truck for the forks to enter.
Moreover, the small inclination will keep the bars ready to be picked up on each side. The structures
have the following shape:

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After this operation the steel bars will be transported to the buffer area for inspection and inventory
checks and from there to the raw material storage area.
3.3.Raw material storage
The raw material is stored on cantilever racks, where they are grouped in bundles.
3.3.1. Cantilever rack
The cantilever rack chosen has overall dimensions of 5 m in height, 1.6 m in width and 5.7 m in
length.
It needs to be taken into account that the bars will poke out for 75 cm from the last arm on each level,
hence the cantilever will need more than six metres of clearance on its long side.
Each arm can hold a maximum load of 1000 kg: there are 4 arms per each level, so each level has a
capacity of 4000 kg.
The safety stock is sized taking into account the fact that the procurement lead time is equal to 3 days
with a probability of 50%, 6 days with a probability of 40% and 9 days with a probability of 10%.
Operating stock has been sized to provide for the production of five working days. Peak inventory
then comprises 1033 bars; two equally sized cantilevers are needed to satisfy this storage capacity.
3.3.2. Transportation between rack and machines
A forklift truck (same model as mentioned above) is used to move the steel bars from the RM storage
to the first machines of the production area: it picks up the bundles of bars needed and carefully lays
them down on a feeding system for the machines.
The feeding system is 7 m long and 1 m wide: it moves the bars by means of motorized rollers,
assuring smooth and safe feeding.

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There are five feeding systems in total: two for feeding the first machines on the line and three for
the first department.
This task will need to be performed once per day since the raw material is received in bundles sized
according to the daily production.
Feeding systems
Main aisles

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4. Production
4.1.Department description
Products α, β, and χ are dealt with in a department configuration: machine times are quite different
and demand is not enough to justify a line.
Machine times for product χ could suggest the implementation of a line, but the usage of the same
machinery of products α and β is sufficient to suggest the saturation of already existing departments.
4.1.1. Basic information, buffer areas and transportation
Machine Size (mm)
a x b x h
α, β
(pcs/h)
α, β
(sec/machine)
χ
(pcs/h)
χ
(sec/machine)
δ, ε
(pcs/h)
δ, ε
(sec/machine)
# of
machines
A 950x1200x1250 150 24,0 195 18,5 3
B 1200x700x1250 225 16,0 200 18,0 2
C 1000x1200x1250 250 14,4 205 17,6 2
D 1450x1100x1250 175 20,6 200 18,0 3
E 1350x900x1250 230 15,7 195 18,5 2
T 2000x1000x750 400 9,0 400 9,0 400 9,0 2
Bars are placed on the machine feeders positioned just before department A and are fed to the
machines to be cut.
Close to each machine there is enough space for two pallets, one for pieces flowing in and one for
pieces flowing out of the workspace. With two exceptions in department A, where next to each
machine there is a pile of empty pallets, one of empty trays and one for pallets with filled up trays on
top and T, where there are only finished products trays. The first two stacks are needed to start the
flow of semi-finished products around the facility.
Pieces are moved between departments in batches of six trays with the help of hand pallets which can
be electrically lifted up to 800 mm from the ground for ease of manoeuvrability. The chosen model
for said hand pallets is BT HHL 100; specifications can be found in chapter 8, paragraph 6.
As can be observed in the following pictures, minimum distance between machines is 1.5 metres in
order to avoid excessive vibrations which could lead to damage to the ground or the machines
themselves in the long run.
Minimum aisle dimension in between departments is three metres, so that two hand pallets could be
used at the same time in two different directions and improve semi-finished product flow.

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In department D the minimum distance between the pallet + tray area and the next machine is
considered to be 1 metre, hence the workers can move freely in and out of their workspace and there
are limited risks in case of emergency evacuations.
Department A to C and machine feeders
Department D

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In department T the distance between workbenches is 800 mm since there are no vibration involved;
it is still enough if a worker has to get in between them for any reason.
Since this department receives semi-finished products both from department E and the line, it has to
be oversized so that a buffer area can be created and used.
4.1.2. Workspaces
The nominal dimension of each workspace in departments is considered to be two squared metres.
One machine is taken as a reference in the following picture.
Department T

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4.2.Line description
Products δ and ε are dealt with in a line configuration: the machines used to process these pieces are
different with respect to those used for the other products (apart from E) and machine times are
reasonably close to each other.
4.2.1. Line balancing and product transportation
Machine Size (mm)
a x b x h
δ, ε
(pcs/h)
δ, ε
(sec/machine)
F 1700x900x1250 155 22,5
G 1500x900x1250 160 24,0
H 1550x900x1250 150 23,2
E 1350x900x1250 155 23,2
Feeders are used for machines F as they were used for machines A in the department configuration.
A common line is used to produce both products, to maximise efficiency.
Product
Actual
production
Total
time
(s)
90%
saturation
index (s)
Setup
time
(s)
Actual
available
time (s)
Takt
time
(s)
Cycle
time
(s)
Efficiency
δ 731
27000 24300
1200
21900 11,8 42,5 90%
ε 1128 1200

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Common line
Product δ/ε
Machine
# of
machines
Task
time
Adapted
task time
Remaining
Following
machine
F 2 22,5 11,3 0,5 G
G 3 24,0 8,0 3,8 H
H 2 23,2 11,6 0,2 E
E 2 23,2 11,6 0,2
Line balancing
The idea of using two dedicated lines had to be scrapped because one of the two would be too
inefficient. Less machines are used as well, to limit costs and save space.
Product
Actual
production
Total
time
(s)
90%
saturation
index (s)
Setup
time
(s)
Actual
available
time (s)
Takt
time
(s)
Cycle
time
(s)
Efficiency
δ 731
27000 24300
1200 23100 31,6 93,0 74%
ε 1128 1200 23100 20,5 46,5 57%
Double line
Product δ
Machine
# of
machines
Task
time
Adapted
task time
Remaining
Following
machine
F 1 22,5 22,5 9,1 G
G 1 24,0 24,0 7,6 H
H 1 23,2 23,2 8,4 E
E 1 23,2 23,2 8,4
Product ε
Machine
# of
machines
Task
time
Adapted
task time
Remaining
Following
machine
F 2 22,5 11,3 9,2 G
G 2 24,0 12,0 8,5 H
H 2 23,2 11,6 8,9 E
E 2 23,2 11,6 8,9
Line balancing

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Motorized rollers are used to move the pieces in between machines: the chosen model is ERS 53,
powered by a motor and belts; further specifications are given in chapter 8, paragraph 5.
There are two machines F and three machines G, hence it is not possible to use just one roller per
machine: the implemented solution comprises 2.5 metres long, diagonally oriented, rollers which
connect one machine F to two machines G.
Rubber covered tables are placed at the end of the inner ones in order to stop the pieces and help the
worker pick them up and process them.
From machines G to machines H the same concept, mirrored, is used.
A direct roller conveyor is used in between machines H and E, since there are two of each; the
conveyors are 1.5 metres long to take into account vibrations, as stated beforehand in the department
section.

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5. Finished products
5.1.Handling of finished products
The finished products are stored and moved in grooved trays with overall dimensions 1200 x 800 x
60 mm.
After the comparison of the capacity of the trays in case of personalized and universal trays, a choice
of personalized ones was made since the capacity of each tray is significantly higher in this way.
There are five types of trays with different groove dimensions each designed to fit the maximum
number of products possible for each type of product, leading to the grooves having different
directions (along 800mm side or 1200mm side) for different trays.
Considering the restriction of 900 kg per pallet, the maximum number of trays which can be stacked
on each pallet are listed in the following table.
Grooves along 800mm side
Grooves along 1200mm side
Considering the demand for each product that’s the number of trays needed per day for each product.
Product # of trays per day
α 26
β 44
χ 17
δ 26
ε 65
α β χ δ ε Total Weight (kg)
CA 8.0 13.0 5.0 8.0 20.0 54.0 9483.165482
CB 12.0 20.0 8.0 12.0 29.0 81.0 14223.32912
CC 4.0 7.0 3.0 4.0 10.0 28.0 4743.884
CD 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 20.0 3162.29528
183.0
n. of pallets per product (customer/week)
After having defined the containers for the finished products, it is possible to size the storage and
define the shipping schedule.
Product #grooves
Groove
diameters
(mm)
Clearance
between
grooves
(mm)
α 200 30 5
β 132 35 5
χ 232 40 5
δ 136 45 5
ε 84 55 5

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Reach trucks are used to move pallets, accounting for further expansion in the future. Specifications
can be found in chapter 8, paragraph 1.
5.2.Live storage
Live storage can hold 4 pallets on a single shelf: there are 3 shelfs per level, giving us the dimensions
of 3600x3200x5000 mm (Width x Depth x Height).
Each shelf is dedicated to a specific product and accordingly it has different height so that it fits the
height of a full pallet for each product (plus clearance).
In this way optimal space usage is achieved.
The inclination for shelves is 4°.
Shelf configuration of the live storage (front view)
5.3.Shipping schedule
The shipping of the products is scheduled in three days every week.
In every shipment to a customer the full number of products demanded per week is delivered.
A shipment to customer A is scheduled on Tuesday, the one to customer B is scheduled on Thursday
and the one to both customers C and D is scheduled on Friday.
In these days the docks are used only for shipping operations.
The truck chosen to perform the shipping is the IVECO DAILY E6-65C21, with a payload of 3316
kg. More specification are given in chapter 8, paragraph 3.

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The given payload will decide the number of trucks for each shipment.
# of trays per week Weight Trucks per customer
CA 54 9483.165482 3
CB 81 14223.32912 5
CC 28 4743.884 2
CD 20 3162.29528 1
Total 183
Tuesday
Thursday
Friday

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6. Receiving and shipping areas
6.1.Buffer area
There is a buffer area between the FP, RM storages, and the dock.
That space is dedicated to sorting of bars/trays, inventory and other checks.
The space is big enough to fit multiple number of trays (there will be at least 10 pallets), in order to
assure ease and comfort of operations taking place there.
6.1.1. Unsent trays
After the sorting and the creation of the desired piles of trays, there will be remaining unsent trays
that will not be put back inside of the storage in order to save time and space.
The chosen solution for this problem is to put a shelf next to the buffer area that will hold the
remaining trays until the next shipment.
For maximum efficiency this shelf is positioned next to department T (last department), in order to
store there the incomplete pallets from daily production.
Product Pcs/column Pcs/row # of products
per pallet
Weight per
pallet
Max # to
stack
Weight
stacked
α 8 25 200 91.89158512 9 827.0242661
β 4 33 132 116.45 7 815.1151166
χ 8 29 232 139.28 6 835.6988317
δ 8 17 136 203.6736 4 814.6944
ε 4 21 84 262.08 3 786.24
6.2.Docks

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The layout is designed in such a way that the RM storage and the FP storage are close to each other.
There is then the need for only one buffer area, since in a day we can only have either shipping or
receiving.
The reasoning for the docks is similar: for the calculation of the number of docks the busiest day
(which is Thursday with 5 trucks) is taken into consideration.
The maximum weight every truck will carry and the payload of the forklift truck will determine how
many pickups will be needed per truck.
The time that one forklift will need for a full pickup was also calculated by considering the distance
it will have to travel, the average velocity of the forklift, and adding fixed time/time for inventory
and inspection checks.
The result was that one only dock is enough to satisfy the busiest day in a shift.
Since the loading operation is very fast, the remaining trucks can wait in a parking area reserved for
them, until their turn comes.
The following tables shows the calculations performed:
Thursday 5 trucks
pallets 800x1200x750
max weight/truck 3162.3 kg
truck
L 8238 mm
payload 3316 kg
# pickups/truck 3
RM storage
shelf height 4 m
width + aisle 9.8 m
forklift truck
payload 2500 kg
v avg 3 m/s
v lift,avg 0.5 m/s
T fix 40 sec
T 99.26667 sec
T inspection, buffer 10 mins
time per truck 4.963333 mins
Ttotal 34.81667 mins
1 shift 450 mins
#docks 1

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Both types of our trucks will load and unload in the same dock, so the dock has to be sized according
to the biggest one. The reasoning for the forklifts is quite similar.
The space for the parking of the truck is 2.6m wide and 8m long and the aisles around it are 3.5m
wide.
The space is enough for the unloading from both sides of the truck and the manoeuvres needed by
the forklift to enter the facility.
The entrance is 9.6m wide, enough to fit bars of raw material.
items transported unit loads size (mm)
frequency
per week
truck dimensions
(mm)
material
handling
FLT
dimensions(mm)
Steel bars bundles 6000 2 9232x2343 fork2 2100x1900
Finished products trays 1200x800 3 8238x2052 fork1 2670x288

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7. Accessory and external areas
In addition to the production area, the storages and the docks the facility cannot miss offices, changing
rooms, restrooms, common areas, infirmary and parking spaces.
7.1.Offices and common areas
The office where the supervisor and the accountant will work has to be not far from the production
area, so that the supervisor doesn’t have to walk big distances to reach the area. The restrooms, the
canteen and the changing rooms are all in the same area. The changing rooms are positioned next to
the main entrance so that the operators change before they enter the production area. It is important
to include an infirmary for unexpected injuries or in case a worker needs any sanitary help.
7.2.Parking
The parking spaces are 35 enough for the workers of the plant. They are positioned in front of the
main entrance and they have dimensions: 5m x 2.5m and the aisle between them is 7.5 m long, to
assure a flow of cars in both directions.
Accessory areas

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As there is only one dock, there is the need of parking space for the trucks that wait for the dock to
get free. Since the maximum trucks the plant receives in a day is five, there are four truck parking
spots needed. In front of it there is a 14m wide aisle to allow all the needed manoeuvres for the trucks
to get out of the parking and in to the dock.

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7.3.Overall facility planimetry
The total land needed sums up to 3812 m2
(0.3812 ha); its sides are 60.5 m by 63 metres.
It is assured that the building has a minimum distance of five metres from the fences, as per
guidelines.
The building is seven metres tall (twelve metres is maximum by regulations) since the tallest structure
in the facility accounts for five metres; in this way there would not be excessive heating/cooling
dissipation because of the smaller internal area of the plant.
The plant covers 1088 m2
, which is approximately 30% of total land; 50% would be the maximum
value as per guidelines.

28 | P a g e
8. Specifications for machinery
In this section all the most important specifications are given with respect to all the machinery used
in the facility.
8.1.Forklifts and accessories

29 | P a g e
Please note that the forklift used in the facility is the model CBE-4T, powered by an electrical motor.
All the specifications are the same as above apart from the engine.
It was unfortunately impossible to find the datasheet for that particular model.

30 | P a g e
These are the forks used to unload receiving trucks and to load the cantilever rack: they replace the
original forks so that the bars do not bend during transportation.

33 | P a g e
8.2.Truck for receiving

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8.3.Trucks for shipping

36 | P a g e
8.4.Cantilevers
Total height 5000 mm
Base height 300 mm
Base length 1570 mm
Arm length 1000 mm
Arm thickness 100 mm
Distance
between levels
400 mm
Payload per
arm
1000 kg
Payload per
column
8000 kg

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