Anatomy tissue slideshow.

2. I. Introduction
Tissues are groups of cells with specific
structures and functions. There are 4
types:
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Muscle
D. Nervous

3. II. Epithelial tissues
(epi = on, over, upon)
A. Name based on
1. Number of layers
a. SIMPLE = one layer
Basement membrane
Nucleus

4. II. Epithelial tissues
b. STRATIFIED = more than one layer
(stratum- layer)
Basement membrane
Nucleus

5. II. Epithelial tissues
c. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED = appears
to be more than one, but isn’t
Basement membrane
Nucleus

6. 2. The shape
a. SQUAMOUS = flat and thin
(squam- scale)

7. b. CUBOIDAL = cube/square
shaped

8. c. COLUMNAR = tall/elongated.

9. d. TRANSITIONAL = changes
shape

10. 1. Covers body surfaces.
2. Lines organs and cavities.
B. General Characteristics

11. 3. Has a free surface (exposed to an
opening) and is anchored to a
BASEMENT MEMBRANE (non-cellular
layer that connects it to the underlying
connective tissue).
Basement
membrane
Free surface
Connective
tissue

12. 4. Lacks blood vessels - receives
nourishment from underlying
connective tissue.
5. Reproduces rapidly by mitosis
6. Acts as a barrier.

13. Answer in your notes:
1. Explain why reproducing by mitosis is
both an advantage and a disadvantage for
epithelial cells.

14. C. Types of Epithelial Tissue
1. Simple squamous
 Shape: one layer/flat,
thin
 Function:
diffusion/filtration
 Location: lines air sacs
of lungs, walls of
capillaries (gas
exchange) and covers
membranes that line
cavities.
 Easy to damage

15. Simple squamous epithelium

16. 2. Simple cuboidal
 Shape: one
layer/square
 Function:
secretion/absorption
 Location: lines kidney
tubules and ducts of
glands

17. Simple cuboidal
Lumen = opening of tube

18. 3. Simple Columnar
 Shape: one
layer/long and tall
 Function:
absorption/secretion
& protection

19. 3. Simple Columnar
 {In digestive tract the
cells are specialized
glandular cells called
GOBLET CELLS =
secrete mucus for
protection.}
 Location: digestive
tract and uterus
Goblet cells

20. Examples of simple columnar
Cilia

21. 4. Pseudostratified Columnar
 Shape: one layer appears to be made
of long/tall cells. May have CILIA =
hair-like structure and GOBLET CELLS
= mucus.
Cilia

22. 4. Pseudostratified Columnar
Cilia
Location/Function:
Respiratory - traps particles in mucus
(GOBLET CELLS) and sweeps them
away (CILIA)
Reproduction -moves sex cells (CILIA).

23. Pseudostratified columnar

24. 5. Stratified squamous
 Shape: many layers/flat
 Function: protection
 Location: outer layer of
skin (epidermis).
*Keratinization = has
hardened proteins that
waterproof skin. Lines
mouth, throat, vagina, and
anal canal. Not
keratinized-stays moist.
Connective Tissue
Free Surface

25. Stratified squamous

26. 6. Stratified cuboidal
 Shape: Many
layers/square
 Function: lines lumen
(space within a tube)
 Location: ducts of
mammary, sweat, and
salivary glands,
pancreas, and
reproductive ducts.
LUMEN
LUMEN
Connective Tissue
BASEMENT
MEMBRANE

27. Stratified cuboidal
LUMEN LUMEN

28. 7. Stratified columnar
 Shape: many
layers/long/tall
 Function: lining
 Location: throat and
male reproductive
parts
Free Surface

29. Stratified columnar

30. 8. Transitional
 Shape: relaxed flat,
distended cube
shaped
 Function: lining
 Location: urinary
bladder
Relaxed
Stretched

31. Transitional epithelium

32. In your notes…
Define: Lumen-

33. 9. Glandular epithelium
 Shape: columnar & cuboidal
 Function: secretion
 1. Exocrine-glands that secrete
ONTO an internal or external surface.
(Endocrine glands secrete into the
blood stream)

34. a. Merocrine – secretes fluid in
vesicles
i. Serous fluid - watery with
enzymes
ii. Mucus - thicker
Example: Pancreas

35. b. Apocrine - secretes a pinched-
off portion of the cell
Example: Mammary glands

36. c. Holocrine - secretes the entire cell
Location: various glands in body
Example: Sebaceous Glands (oily secretion)

37. In your notes…
Define: vesicle-

38. III. Connective Tissue
A. General Characteristics
1. General functions: support, fight
infection, produce blood cells, store
fat, and repair tissue.
2. Has a MATRIX - intercellular,
non-living material, can be fluid (ex:
plasma) to solid (ex: bone).

39. 3. Major cell types. (Resident cells have a stable
number in the tissues. Wandering cells are
temporary in tissues.)
a. Fibroblasts (blasto = growth) - resident,
secrete proteins into matrix
i. Collagenous fibers -collagen protein,
strong and flexible fibers (ex: tendons-
hold muscles to bones).
*White fibers=dense connective tissue.
ii. Elastic fibers -elastin protein,
stretchable fibers (ex; vocal cords).
*Yellow fibers.
iii. Reticular fibers -thin fibers of
collagen, for support.

40. b. Macrophages [macr(o)-large,
phag(o)- eat] -wandering, phagocytosis.
[cyt(o)-cell] Clear away particles
(“eat”/aka Pac-man cells).

41. c. Mast cells -resident, release
i. Heparin -prevents blood
clotting
ii. Histamine-reactions to
allergies, causes swelling.

42. In your notes…
Explain the difference between
resident and wandering cells.

43. B. Types of connective Tissue
1. Loose fibrous
 Cells: fibroblasts, gel-
like matrix with
collagen & elastic
fibers
 Function: binds skin
to underlying organs,
fills in between
muscles, under
epithelial tissue
(nourishes epithelial
with blood).

44. Loose fibrous connective tissue

45. 2. Adipose
(adip- fat)
 Cells: specialized
loose
 Function:
insulation, cushion,
stores energy

46. Adipose

47. 3. Dense fibrous
 Cells: thick collagen,
thin elastin, &
fibroblasts
 Function: binding
(tendons -muscle to
bone, ligaments-bone
to bone)
 *Poor blood supply,
slow to heal

48. Dense fibrous connective tissue

49. 4. Cartilage
 Cells: chondrocytes (chondr =
cartilage/cytes = cell) live in lacunae
(small chambers) surrounded by matrix.
 Function: support, framework,
protection, & model for bones
 *No direct blood supply-very slow to heal

50. a. Hyaline-ends
of bones, nose
trachea, & bone
development
Types:

51. Hyaline cartilage

52. b. Elastic- ears & larynx

53. Elastic cartilage

54. c. Fibrocartilage - knees, pelvis,
backbone (shock absorber)
* No direct blood supply very slow to heal

55. Fibrocartilage

56. 5. Bone
 Cell: osteocytes (oss = bone) bone cells in
lacunae and matrix of mineral salts (deposited
in circle pattern around the Osteonic canal
[central canal w/blood vessels & nerves], and
collagen.
 Function: support
*Direct blood supply,
heals rapidly
Osteonic canal
lacunae

57. Bone

58. 6. Blood
 Cells: Red
(erythrocytes), white
(leukocytes), &
platelets (cellular
fragments for blood
clotting) in fluid matrix
called plasma.
 Function: transport
substances
RED
WHITE
PLATELETS
MATRIX

59. Blood

60. IV. Muscle Tissue
A. General Characteristics - Contract;
muscle fibers shorten.
B. Types of Muscle tissue

61. 1. Skeletal Muscle
 Voluntary - conscious
control.
 Striated - appears to
have light/dark
bands, from proteins.
 Multi - nucleated.
 Location: on skeleton
 Function: movement
Striations
Cross section showing bundles
Nuclei

62. Skeletal muscle

63. 2. Smooth muscle
 Involuntary- not
consciously controlled
 Lacks striations
 Single nucleus per cell.
 Location: lines hollow
organs and blood
vessels
 Function: movement in
organs, constricts blood
vessels

64. Smooth muscle

65. 3. Cardiac muscle
 Involuntary - not
consciously controlled
 Single nucleus per cell
 Location: ONLY IN
HEART
 Has intercalated disks
between muscle cells;
helps to transmit impulse
from cell to cell faster.
Nuclei

66. Cardiac muscle

67. A. General Characteristics-
1. Collect information from their
surroundings (sensitivity)
2. Conduct nerve impulses.
V. Nervous tissue

68. B. Cell types
 *NEURONS
 Function:
transmit nerve
impulses
 Location: brain,
spinal cord, and
nerves

69. V. Nervous tissue
 *Neuroglial Cells
(-glia = glue)
 Function:
support and bind
nervous tissue,
phagocytosis, &
connects
neurons to blood
vessels

70. Nervous Tissue