About Definition,sign and symptoms ,investigation,management,p Physiotherapy treatment of C.O.P.D and Asthma.

1. Name –Md. Neyaz Khan
Enroll.No. -1712101048

2. .

3. Definition:-
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD) is a common, preventable and
treatable disease that is characterized by
persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow
limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar
abnormalities usually caused by significant
exposure to noxious particles or gases.
This leads to a limitation of the flow of air to and
from the lungs causing shortness of breath.

4. Reasons:-
 The airways and air sacs lose their elastic
quality.
 The walls between many of the air sacs are
destroyed.
 The walls of the airways become thick and
inflamed.
 The airways make more mucus than usual,
which tends to clog them

5. Causes:-
• 1)Smoking.
• 2) Occupational exposures.
• 3) Air pollution
• 4) sudden airway constriction in
response to inhaled irritants,
• 5) Genetics-Alpha 1-antitrypsin
deficiency.

6. Abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs due
to toxic gases.
Response occurs in the airways
Narrowing of the airway takes place
Destruction of parenchyma leads to emphysema.
Pulmonary vascular changes
Mucus hypersecretion(cilia dysfunction,airflow

7.  Clinical Features:-
 Chronic cough.
 Sputum production.
 Wheezing.
 Chest tightness.
 Dyspnoea on exertion.
 Wt.loss.
 Respiratory insufficiency
 Respiratory infections.
 Barrel chest- chronic hyperinflation leads to
loss of lung elasticity

8. .

9.  Asthma is a common chronic
inflammatory disease of the airways
characterized by variable and recurring
symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction
and bronchospasm. Common symptoms
include wheezing, coughing, chest
tightness, and shortness of breath.

13.  Wheezing
 Cough
 Chest tightness
 Dysponea
 Hypoxia
 Nasal flaring
 Sputum is thick.
 Decreased or absence of breath sounds
called “SILENT CHEST”

14.  ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES:-
 History collection.
 Physical examination.
 Pulmonary function test:-FEV1/FVC ratio
decreased.
 Chest x-ray:-shows hyperinflation of lungs.
:-lobar callapse may be seen.
 Arterial blood gas
 Complete blood count
 Measurement of allergic status.

15.  Patients should be encourage to take
responsibility for managing their own disease.
 Avoidance of aggravating factors:-
-- House dust
-- Reduced fungal exposure
-- Eliminate causative agents
-- Avoid smoking

16.  Medications:
 Bronchodilators: -long acting beta
adrenagic blockers:
eg:salmeterol,formeterol,theophylline
 Anti-inflammatory drugs:
-corticosteriods:
eg:flunisolides,beclamethasone,cromolyn
-Mast cell stabilizers:
eg:montelukast,zileuton
 DRY POWDER INHALERS

17.  General Aims of Treatment
The principal aims are:
• to relieve any bronchospasm and to facilitate the
removal of secretions
• to improve breathing control and dyspnea
during attacks
• to teach local relaxation, improve posture and help
fear and anxiety
• to increase knowledge of the lung condition and
control of symptoms
• to improve exercise tolerance and ensure a longterm
commitment to exercise
• to give advice about self-management.

18.  PT MANAGEMENT:-
 Patient education:-
Prevention of infection is important. The
patient should have plenty of fresh air, avoid
smoky atmospheres and keep away from
people with infections such as bronchitis and
influenza.
Acute attacks:-
Treatment during acute exacerbations will
involve the physiotherapist in aiding removal
of excessive bronchial secretions using the
ACBT technique , with the addition of postural
drainage.

19.  Breathing control:-
Encouraging a longer expiratory phase is
helpful, but neither inspiration nor expiration
should be forced.
 Pulmonary rehabilitation.
 Removal of secretions.
 Relaxation