definition , causes clinicalfeatures, types ,diagnosis, treatment

1. BRONCHITIS

2. DEFINITON OF DISEASE
Bronchitis is inflammation
of the mucous membranes of
the bronchi.

4. TYPES
• ACUTE BRONCHITIS
• CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

5. Acute bronchitis
• Acute bronchitis is characterized by the development of
a cough, with or without the production of sputum
, mucus that is expectorated (coughed up) from
the respiratory tract.

6. Con----------
Acute bronchitis often occurs during the course
of an acute viral illness such as the common
cold or influenza.

7. • Chronic bronchitis, a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, is characterized by the presence of a
productive cough that lasts for three months or more per
year for at least two years.
Chronic bronchitis

8. Chronic bronchitis most often develops due to recurrent
injury to the airways caused by inhaled irritants.
Cigarette smoking is the most common cause, followed
by air pollution and occupational exposure to irritants.

9. Due to etiological factors
entry of microorganisms in to the lungs
Inflammatory changes of the lungs
Constiction of bronchiles
Mucus production in the bronchioles
Symptoms of productive cough

10. Diagnostic evaluation
• History collection
• Physical examination
• Chest x- rays
• Sputum cultures
• Pulmonary function test
• Bronchoscopy

12. Pharmacological management
Antibiotics - these are effective for
bacterial infections, but not for viral
infections.
They may also prevent secondary
infections.

13. Con----------
Bronchodilators - These open the
bronchial tubes and clear out mucus.
Eg.salbutamol,salmeterol

14. Mucolytics - These thin or loosen mucus
in the airways, making it easier to cough
up sputum.
Eg; Bromhexine, Ambroxol
Theophylline.

15. Administration of Anti-inflammatory
medicines and glucocorticoid steroids.
Eg.hydrocortisone, prednisolone.

16. • Pulmonary rehabilitation program - this
includes work with a respiratory therapist to
help breathing.

17. Nursing diagnosis
• Ineffective breathing pattern related to shortness
breathing mucus or broncho constriction.
• Ineffective airway clearence related to broncho
constriction.

18. Nursing diagnosis
• Self care deficit related to fatigue secondary to
increased effort for breathing.
• Activity intolerence due to fatigue and inffective
breathing patterns

19. Nursing management
1. Assess The Condition Of Patient.
2. Assess The Vital Signs
3. Provide Comfortable Position.
4. Change The Position Periodically.
5. Maintain Personal Hygiene.
6. Use pulse oximetry & Suction.
7. Deep Breathing Exercise Learn To Patient.
8. Refer To Physiotherapist(if Need).

20. Con---------
1. Provide Oxygen According To Physician Order.
2. Provide Psychological Support To Patient.
3. Provide Knowledge About Chronic Bronchitis.
4. administer medication according to physician order.
Bronchodilators,antibiotics,mucolytics.

21. Bronchitis : Preventions
These measures help prevent bronchitis and protect
your lungs in general:
• Avoid tobacco smoke –
it includes own smoke or
Second hand smoke from others, try
to avoid it.

22. • Reduce intake of foods such
as sugar, white flour, dairy and
others that may be mucus-
producing.

23. • Proper hand washing :To reduce
the risk of viral infection,
wash your hands by using
hand sanitizers.
• Use an air humidifier. Warm,
moist air loosens mucus in the
airways and helps to relieve
coughing.