Medical Syndicate Presentation https://www.yellowpages.com.eg/en/profile/egyptian-medical-syndicate/85033

1. SCIENTIFIC WRITING &SCIENTIFIC WRITING &
INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONINTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION
Nermin A. Osman
Assistant Lecturer of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Statistics
Medical Research Institute
University of Alexandria
nerminahmed@alexu.edu.eg

5. 5TIPSTO MAKE CONSTRUCTING5TIPSTO MAKE CONSTRUCTING
ENGLISH SENTENCES EASYENGLISH SENTENCES EASY
1-Get the words in the right order.The most common1-Get the words in the right order.The most common
order for parts of a sentence is: subject, verb, objectorder for parts of a sentence is: subject, verb, object
(if present).(if present).
E.G
President Obama visited Canada
SUBJECT
VERB
OBJECT

6. 2-Parts of speech aren’t always just one word.A subject, verb, or2-Parts of speech aren’t always just one word.A subject, verb, or
object is sometimes made up of several words so make sure youobject is sometimes made up of several words so make sure you
look at the structure of a whole sentence rather than justlook at the structure of a whole sentence rather than just
individual words if you want to get it right.individual words if you want to get it right.
E.G
People who practice a lot get higher scores.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

7. 3- There are two types of object. Sometimes you will see sentences with
two objects. If that’s the case, we split them into two types:
•Direct – the object with which the subject has a direct connection.
•Indirect – the object with a weaker connection to the subject.
E.G
I bought some flowers for my mother.
I bought my mother some flowers.
When the direct object
comes early after the verb ,
we need to put a
preposition prior to the
indirect object
BUT when the direct comes
last, we don’t need to use a
preposition.

8. 4-Compound sentences follow the same structure but do it twice.4-Compound sentences follow the same structure but do it twice.
A compound sentence is one made of two clauses (sections). InA compound sentence is one made of two clauses (sections). In
this case, the sentence uses a conjunction to join two halves of thethis case, the sentence uses a conjunction to join two halves of the
sentence, each of which has the same structure.sentence, each of which has the same structure.
E.G
I cooked dinner and my father bought some drinks.
S. + V. +
O.
S. + V. + O.

9. 5.5. Active voice rather than passive voiceActive voice rather than passive voice
E.G
- “We asked participants questions.”
-“The participants have been asked questions by
the researchers.”



11. IT IS BETTERTO WEED OUT YOURIT IS BETTERTO WEED OUT YOUR
UNNECESSARY PASSIVE SENTENCESUNNECESSARY PASSIVE SENTENCES
E.G
Poland was invaded in 1939, thus initiating the Second World War.
Germany invaded Poland in 1939, thus initiating the Second World
War.

14. HOWTO WRITE A GOOD PARAGRAPH:HOWTO WRITE A GOOD PARAGRAPH:
STEPSSTEPS
HTTPS://AWC.ASHFORD.EDU/PDFHANDOUTS%5CHOW%20TO%20WRITE%20A%20GOODHTTPS://AWC.ASHFORD.EDU/PDFHANDOUTS%5CHOW%20TO%20WRITE%20A%20GOOD
%20PARAGRAPH_FINAL.PDF%20PARAGRAPH_FINAL.PDF
Step 1: Decide the Topic of Your Paragraph.
Step 2: Develop a Topic Sentence.
Step 3: Demonstrate Your Point.
Step 5: Conclude.
Step 6: Look Over and Proofread. (Revise)

15. HOWTO USE PROPER CAPITALIZATION
1-Always start a sentence with a capital letter. 1-Always start a sentence with a capital letter.
E.GE.G She invited her friend to the party.
2-2-Use capital letters to start proper nouns and titles.
E.GE.G President Barak Obama visited the United Kingdom..
3-Use capital letters for acronyms (Abbreviations). 3-Use capital letters for acronyms (Abbreviations).
An acronym is a word (or a "coined" word) formed from the first letter of
every word in a long proper noun or title. Sometimes the letters of an
acronym are separated by periods.
E.GE.G The CIA and the NSA are just two of the USA's many intelligence agencies.

16. ABBREVIATIONS AND JARGONSABBREVIATIONS AND JARGONS
** Make your sentences easy to be understood to the
audience**

17. WHAT ISTHE DIFFERENCE BETWEENWHAT ISTHE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ABBREVIATIONS AND JARGONS?ABBREVIATIONS AND JARGONS?
• Jargon words are understood only by those experienced in a field.
E.G
EFSA = European Food Safety Authority.
SPSS= Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
• If you must use jargon word, define them first.

18. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVEPRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
WRITINGWRITING
“The secret of good writing is to strip every sentence to its
cleanest components. Every word that serves no function, every
long word that could be a short word, every adverb that carries
the same meaning that’s already in the verb, every passive
construction that leaves the reader unsure of who is doing what
these are the thousand and one adulterants that weaken the
strength of a sentence. And they usually occur in proportion to
the education and rank.”
„--William Zinsser in On Writing Well ,„--William Zinsser in On Writing Well ,
19761976

19. CUT THE CLUTTERCUT THE CLUTTER
(CUT UNNECESSARYWORDS AND PHRASES)(CUT UNNECESSARYWORDS AND PHRASES)

24. CUTTHE CLUTTERCUTTHE CLUTTER
(CUT UNNECESSARY WORDS AND(CUT UNNECESSARY WORDS AND
PHRASES)PHRASES)
E.g. (1):
“This paper provides a review of the basic tenets of cancer biology study
design, using as examples studies that illustrate the methodological
challenges or that demonstrate successful solutions to the difficulties
inherent in biological research.”
>>This paper reviews cancer biology study design, using examples that
illustrate specific challenges and solutions.

25. CUT THE CLUTTERCUT THE CLUTTER
(CUT UNNECESSARY WORDS AND(CUT UNNECESSARY WORDS AND
PHRASES)PHRASES)
E.g. (2):
“As it is well known, increased athletic activity has been related to a profile
of lower cardiovascular risk, lower blood pressure levels, and improved
muscular and cardio-respiratory performance.”
>>Increased athletic activity is associated with lower cardiovascular risk,
lower blood pressure, and improved fitness.
>>Increased athletic activity lowers cardiovascular risk and blood pressure,
and improves fitness. (stronger level of evidence)

27. Scientific paper consists of :Scientific paper consists of :
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Materials and methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
IMRAD

28. TITLE
Should be:
clear, concise, specific and informative
Effects of sex steroid hormones injectionEffects of sex steroid hormones injection
on reproductive performance of commonon reproductive performance of common
carp and grass carpcarp and grass carp

29. COPD as a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia and NICU
Admission Among Women with HIV, Low IQ and
HTN.
Abbreviations

31. TITLE: CONTINUED
Try to be creative:Try to be creative:
Ex:
• Effects of climate changes on Egyptian desert plants
• Can climate changes affect Egyptian desert plants?.
• Climate changes affects Egyptian desert plants.
1.Effects of human error on car accidents in Egypt.
2.Human error is a key factor in car accidents in Egypt.

32. TITLE: CONTINUED
Try to be creative:Try to be creative:
Ex:
1.Effects of human error on car accidents in Egypt.
2.Human error is a key factor in car accidents in Egypt.

33. Informative & ConciseInformative & Concise
• Briefly describes theBriefly describes the objectivesobjectives of the study,of the study,
how the study was donehow the study was done (briefly)and the(briefly)and the mainmain
findingsfindings, with, with short conclusion orshort conclusion or
implementation.implementation.
Abstract

34. ABSTRACT
• Abstracts are generally written in the past tense.past tense.
• The abstract should be able to stand alonestand alone without
need to consult the full text.
• As such it should not include referencesshould not include references to
literature or to figures and tables in the body of
paper, should not include information that is not in
the paper

35. KEYWORDSKEYWORDS
• Most scientific journals require authors to provide 3 to
10 key words or short phrases
• that will assist indexers in cross-indexing the article.
• Key words are usually placed beneath the abstract.
• Terms from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of
PubMed should be used wherever possible, to facilitate
indexing and retrieval

38. nerminahmed@alexu.edu.eg

39. STRUCTURE OF INTRODUCTION
nerminahmed@alexu.edu.eg

40. EXAMPLE
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41. nerminahmed@alexu.edu.eg

42. nerminahmed@alexu.edu.eg
STEP 1: establishing a territory

43. nerminahmed@alexu.edu.eg
STEP 2: establishing a niche

44. nerminahmed@alexu.edu.eg
STEP 2: establishing a niche
STEP 3: Occupying the niche
(Aim of the Work)

46. ImportanceImportance

50. Sample Size
Calculation

53. Interpret the key findings that
answer your research questions
Do not ignore the non
significant findings !!!

54. TABLE IN APA STYLE

57. STRUCTURE OFTHE DISCUSSIONSTRUCTURE OFTHE DISCUSSION
SECTION:SECTION:
Introduction
(From General to
Specific)
Funnel Shaped
Discussion
(From Specific to General)
inverted or upside-down
funnel

58. STRUCTURE OFTHE DISCUSSIONSTRUCTURE OFTHE DISCUSSION
SECTION:SECTION:
What your findings mean.
How your findings answer the research questions or hypotheses you have
stated in the introduction.
Any limitations of your study, and their possible influence on the results.
How your findings are related to the findings of any similar studies done
previously.
Any implications of your research study for researchers, practitioners, or
policymakers.
Suggestions for future research based on what you have found

63. The most important cause of paper
rejection:
Inappropriate research methodology

64. The second common cause of paper
rejection:
Plagiarism
( Especially researches conducted in
the developing countries)

69. Framing an outline is the most vital process in constructing a solid manuscript structure for
journal publication.The relationship of the outline with the manuscript is similar to that of an
architectural blueprint with a house. Its basic function is to split the writing of a paper into
several smaller exercises. Gaps in the essential elements constituting an article, if any, are
identified in the process.

70. POINTSTO BE KEPT IN MIND WHILE FRAMING
MANUSCRIPT STRUCTURE
• Construct the theme of the article, which summarizes the paper in one
sentence of 10 – 15 words.All other parts of the manuscript would be in
support of this central theme.
• Delineate the materials and methods to be utilized for data collection.
• State the population in which the study would be carried out and the method
of sampling employed.
• Prepare a list of questions such as:What was already known before the study?
What answers are required to address the problem(s)?
• Mention the principal findings.
• Enunciate the limitations and implications of the results.
• Cite references, which pertain to key points in the manuscript.

71. HOW TO CHOOSE A JOURNAL
• Make sure your paper fits within the scopefits within the scope of the journal
• Assess the credentials of the journal or publishercredentials of the journal or publisher
• Browse the content they publish for quality and relevance to your field
(Indexed by PubmedIndexed by Pubmed)
• Check the quality of their website
• Check what tools and services they offer to authors (Publication FeesPublication Fees)
• Submit your research to one journal only.one journal only.
• Follow the instructions for authors carefullyinstructions for authors carefully

72. THERE ARE TWO MAIN FACTORS TOTHERE ARE TWO MAIN FACTORS TO
CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A JOURNAL: CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A JOURNAL:
• 1-Your paper fits within the journal’s scope
• 2-The reputation of the journal itself
• ((The reputation is not necessarily based on metrics such
as the impact factor, but on aspects such as the
professionalism of the editorial team, the journal’s audience
and reach, or turnaround times, to name a few.))

73. DRAWBACKS OF USINGTHE
IMPACT FACTOR:
• You shouldn't judge a paper only based on the number of
citations, because this metric is strongly related to the area of
research and not comparable across different subject areas.
Papers in some fields attract a lot more citations than papers
in other fields.

75. OTHER METRIC MEASURES ARE USEDTO AVOIDOTHER METRIC MEASURES ARE USEDTO AVOID
THE LIMITATION OFTHE IMPACT FACTOR:THE LIMITATION OFTHE IMPACT FACTOR:
• 1- Source Normalized Impact per paper (SNIP)
• 2- SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)
• 3-The Impact per Publication (IPP)

79. WHAT IS MEANT BY SCOPUS/
PUBMED INDEXING?
Indexing is considered a sort of seal of approval.Indexing is considered a sort of seal of approval.
Historically it most often referred to indexing in the ISIHistorically it most often referred to indexing in the ISI
Web of Knowledge citation database, as in a journal isWeb of Knowledge citation database, as in a journal is
an 'ISI journal',an 'ISI journal',
Prof. Kalle Piirainen
Researcher and a reviewer,
innovation studies and foresight

81. WRITING A COVER LETTER
• The objective and approach of your research
• Any novel contributions reported
• Why your manuscript should be published in this journal
• Any special considerations about your submission
• Related papers by you and/or your fellow authors (published or
under consideration) (any related work)
• Previous submissions of your manuscript to that journal

82. http://authors.bmj.com/submitting-your-paper/instructions-for-authors/

83. Conferences
Search Engines

97. Editorial / Reviewer Reply

98. Paper
rejection

100. Can we publish our work in
Specialized, International Journals ?
We certainly can
Try now, do not be
afraid

101. Good luck
Thank you