2. ACTIVITY…
Listen to the music by Arnold Schoenberg “Verklarte Nacht“
and compare the music by Debussy and Ravel.
What significant differences and
similarities do Debussy and
Ravel’s music with that of
Schoenberg?
4. ✔Expressionism is a term applied to an
artistic style that depicts the expression of
individual subjective experience, as
opposed to objective reality.
✔ Expressionist artists use their art to
convey feelings and emotion rather than
physical reality.
✔ These feelings can be derived from nature,
society, or aesthetics.
5. ✔Expressionism presents atonality and
the twelve-tone scale revealing composer’s
mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety,
rage, and alienation.
✔ It expresses the meaning of emotional
experience rather than physical reality.
✔ One of the proponents of expressionism is
Arnold Schoenberg.
6. Features of expressionism music are as
follows:
✔ a high degree of dissonance (dissonance is
the quality of sounds that seems unstable)
✔ extreme contrasts of dynamics (from
pianissimo to fortissimo, very soft to very
loud)
✔ constant changing of textures
✔ "distorted" melodies and harmonies
✔ angular melodies with wide leaps.
8. ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
(1874–1951)
✔ Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian
composer born last September 13,
1874, in a working-class of Suburb of
Vienna, Austria.
✔ He was famous as the exponent of
the twelve-tone system with twelve
tones related only to one another also
known as the serial technique.
✔ He was influenced by Richard
Wagner, a German composer.
9. ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
(1874–1951)
✔ His contribution to music includes
atonality, meaning the absence of key
evolved from an emphasis on
chromatic harmony in the liberal use
of the twelve tones in a chromatic
scale.
✔ Apart from it, he also includes
serialism and Sprechstimmre which is
a manner of performing a song with
half-sung and half-spoken.
10. ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
(1874–1951)
✔ In 1908, he began to write
approximately 213 musical
compositions include concerte,
orchestral music, piano music, opera,
choral music, songs, and other
instrumental music.
✔ He died last July 13, 195, in Los
Angeles, California, USA where he
had settled since 1934.
11. ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
(1874–1951)
His works include the following:
✔ Verklarte Nacht
✔ Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1
✔ Pierrot Lunaire,
✔ Gurreleider
✔ Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night,
1899)
12.
13.
14. IGOR STRAVINSKY
(1882–1971)
✔Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born
composer and conductor who
became both and American and a
French citizen, he was born last June
17, 1882, in Oraniaenbaum (now
Lomonosov) Russia.
15. IGOR STRAVINSKY
(1882–1971)
✔ His style of music is neoclassical which
uses scale, cords, and tone color in a
clear and traditional way with frequent
changes in meter signature, offbeat
syncopation, and displacing regular
accent as he utilize.
✔ He adopted the forms of 18th century
music with his contemporary style of
writing, very structured, precise,
controlled, full of artifice, and theatricality
despite its shocking modernity.
16. IGOR STRAVINSKY
(1882–1971)
✔ In 1939, he went to USA and venture
another style of music to experience his
passion and wanted to integrate his
knowledge in Russian music.
✔ However, he opted and slowly turned
back into his nationalistic style of Russian
music and cultivate his neoclassical style
in which Stravinsky’s work.
17. IGOR STRAVINSKY
(1882–1971)
The following are the works of Stravinsky:
✔ Firebird (1910)
✔ Petrushka (1911)
✔ The Rite of Spring (1913)
✔ The wedding (1923)
✔ Agon (1957),
18. IGOR STRAVINSKY
(1882–1971)
Orchestral music like :
✔ Symphonies of wind instruments (1920)
✔ Concerto for pianos and winds (1924)
✔ Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938),
Symphony in C (1940)
✔ Symphony in 3 movements (1945)
✔ Ebon concerto (1945);
24. ✔ Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements.
✔ This is light, entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional
content.
✔ The composition style used by the composer was the seven-note
diatonic scale.
✔ This period combines tonal harmonies applying with slight
dissonance which has a three- movement format like shifting time
signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as well as
harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords.
✔ The composers of this time in neo-classicism are Francis Poulenc,
Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Sergei Prokofeiff.
26. SERGEI PROKOFIEFF
(1891-1953)
✔ He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He
combined the movements of music like
Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-
Garde composition.
✔ With his progressive technique, pulsating
rhythms, melodic directness, and a
resolving dissonance he was uniquely
recognized.
27. SERGEI PROKOFIEFF
(1891-1953)
✔ In writing symphonies, chamber music,
concerte, and solo instrumental music, he
became a productive and prolific
composer.
✔ He worked and linked with other
composers, combined styles of Haydn
and Mozart as classicist and Igor
Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired
by Beethoven with two highly regarded
violin concerte and two string quartets.
28. SERGEI PROKOFIEFF
(1891-1953)
✔ With his desire to write music for the ballet and
opera, he was given a chance to contact with
Diaghilev and Stravinsky for Romeo and Juliet
for ballet, and War and Peace for opera.
✔ He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral
work for children to pacify the continuing
government restrictions and disciplinary
actions at the time of Avant-Garde composers
entitled Peter and the Wolf.
✔ He died in Moscow on March 15, 1953.
29. BELA BARTOK
(1881-1945)
✔ Bela Bartok was born last March 25, 1881 in
Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary (Romania).
✔ Began lessons with his mother and made folk
songs transcription.
✔ He opened the way to new modal kinds of
harmony and irregular meter.
✔ He was a Hungarian composer and pianist,
created a distinctive musical style using folk
music.
30. BELA BARTOK
(1881-1945)
✔ He excelled in instrumental music writing
many works for solo piano pieces, six string
quartets and other chamber music, three
concertos for piano, one for violin and several
compositions for orchestras, the reinterpreted,
traditional-musical forms like the rondo, fugue,
and sonata.
✔ He utilized changing meters and strong
syncopations in his music style.
31. BELA BARTOK
(1881-1945)
✔ The six string quartet is the greatest
achievement of his creative life that lasted for
full 30 years for their completion.
✔ He combined difficult and dissonant music with
mysterious sounds as description of the
composition.
32. BELA BARTOK
(1881-1945)
✔ Meanwhile, Mikrokosmos contains a collection
of six books as a legacy in music introducing
and familiarizing contemporary harmony and
rhythm to the piano students technically and
progressively.
✔ In 1940, he left Hungary for the United States.
✔ On September 26, 1945, he died of leukemia
in New York City Hospital.
34. ✔ This form of music was considered as the vanguard of
experimentation or innovation period.
✔ The existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been
put on to criticize, rejecting the status quo in favor of unique or
original elements.
✔ Adopting extreme composition within a certain tradition the so-
called “Experimental Music”.
✔ The new attitude will be altered toward musical movement and it
varies in the continuity where the notes being grouped into.
36. GEORGE GERSHWIN
✔ He was considered as a phenomenal
composer, a cross-over artist, and a father of
American Jazz.
✔ Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous
songs, serious compositions remain highly
popular in the classical repertoire, and with the
mixture of the primitive and sophisticated
music which lasted long after his death.
✔ He composed 369 musical works, including
orchestral music, chamber music, musical
theater, film musicals, operas, and songs.
37. GEORGE GERSHWIN
✔ Among the compositions are the following:
Rhapsody in Blue (1924), and American in
Paris (1928), Porgy and Bess (1934).
✔ He was fascinated with classical music
influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg, and
Schoenberg as well as the group of
contemporary that shapes the character of his
major works like half jazz and half classical
known as “Les Six”.
✔ He died last July 11, 1937 in Hollywood,
California, USA.
38. LEONARD BERNSTEIN
(1918-1990)
✔ This notable composer was born in
Massachusetts, USA, he commended
himself as a charismatic conductor, pianist,
composer, and lecturer to his many
followers.
✔ On November 14, 1943, he was requested
to be a substitute for the ailing Bruno Walter
in conducting the New York Philharmonic
Orchestra in a concert.
39. LEONARD BERNSTEIN
(1918-1990)
✔ Bernstein’s compositions for the stage are
the key that made people known him.
✔ Among these is the musical West Side
Story (1957), an American version of
Romeo and Juliet, which displays a tuneful,
off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the
songs.
✔ Other outputs include another Broadway hit
Candide (1956) and the much-celebrated
Mass (1971).
40. LEONARD BERNSTEIN
(1918-1990)
✔ His musical compositions total around 90.
✔ He composed the music for the film On the
Waterfront (1954).
✔ He was fondly remembered for his television
series “Young People’s Concerts” (1958–
1973) that demonstrated the sounds of the
various orchestral instruments and explained
basic music principles to young audiences, as
well as his Harvardian Lectures.
✔ He died on October 14, 1990, in New York
City, USA.
41. PHILLIP GLASS (1937)
✔ He is one of the Avant-Garde composers
who also explored the areas of ballet,
opera, theatre, film, and even television
jingles.
✔ His style of music was criticized as
uneventful and shallow because of its
application to new sound yet effective and
compelling style.
42. PHILLIP GLASS (1937)
✔ He was born in New York, USA of Jewish
parents, and learned violin and flute at the age
of 15.
✔ He was inspired by a renowned Indian satirist
Ravi Shankar, and assisted the recording
soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film Chappaqua.
✔ He produced and formed ensemble works
such as Music in Similar Motion (1969), Music
in Changing Paris (1970). He has several
achievements in the light of music, are the
following three operas:
43. PHILLIP GLASS (1937)
✔ He was born in New York, USA of Jewish
parents, and learned violin and flute at the age
of 15.
✔ He was inspired by a renowned Indian satirist
Ravi Shankar, and assisted the recording
soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film Chappaqua.
✔ He produced and formed ensemble works
such as Music in Similar Motion (1969), Music
in Changing Paris (1970). He has several
achievements in the light of music, are the
following three operas:
45. Directions:
❑ Fill in the missing blanks to complete the sentence.
❑ The music of the 20th century unlocks the difficulty and opens the
doors of making composition of several composers.
46. 1. The music of the 20th century comprises musical movement with
distinctive styles. These are the _____________,
_______________, __________, _____________, and
_______________.
2. Most of the impressionist works concentrate on nature and its
,______________,________________,________________.
3. Joseph Maurice Ravel has several works which deal with water in
its flowing or stormy ___________ as well as
human______________.
47. 4. These two major proponents of Impressionism
namely_____________________ and
______________________work sound quite similar in terms of their
harmonic.
5. Romeo and Juliet (ballet) and War and Peace (opera) are the
works of ____________.
6. Francis Poulenc was one of the members of the Les Six group,
among the others are_______________and _____________.
49. 1. If ever you become a composer? What musical style would you
choose? How’s your music impact other people? Would it make
other people cry, happy, joy and sorrow?
2. As a student, are you becoming the “music” that you want to be?
Is this your own music? Or your trying to become others
composition?
