This document outlines the key topics and goals for a geography chapter on biomes/ecosystems, demography, and human impacts. The chapter will introduce ecosystems and examine the global distribution of biomes like tropical rainforests, savanna grasslands, and coniferous forests. It will discuss human activities that threaten these biomes, like deforestation, and ways to achieve more sustainable management. The chapter will also cover core concepts in demography, including population pyramids and migration trends in Finland. Specifically, it will analyze Finland's aging population and policy approaches to support the welfare of elderly citizens. Key resources like videos and websites are provided to supplement reading on each section.

1. Biomes /Ecosystems and
demography
8th grade Geography

2. Contents and goals
• Basics
• Introducing ecosystems
• The global distribution of ecosystems
• Tropical rainforest and human impact on it
• Savanna grassland and human impact on it
• Coniferous forest and human impact on it
• You must read the page 129 as it stated the goals of the chapter and all important
questions are here.You have to prepare yourself based on the questions .
• Reading pages for Ecosystems and Biomes -129-145
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_AfNcjlOgU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2c1ZdeTA08

3. Basics
• What is an ecosystems?
• How does an ecosystem work?
• Differences between food chains and food webs
• Activities 1,2,4,and 5(Page 131)

4. The global distribution of ecosystems
• Eight biomes in the world- ????
• Climate effects on Biomes-Page 132
• Must know – Evaporation,transpiration,humidity,atmospheric
pressure,precipitation,trade wind,latitude
• What other factors(except climate) are important to determine
individual biomes?Page 132
• https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/index.php

5. Tropical rainforest
• Why tropical rainforest is the most ecologically bio-diverse
ecosystems?
• Rainforest structure-Page 135-Ground level,Under Canopy,Canopy
and emergent trees
• Special plants-Drip tips,buttress roots,lianas and Epiphytes
• The canopy is the thickest layer,and is where most animals amd
insects live
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6WdEyt93vA

6. Human impact in the tropical rainforest
• Human acitivities responsible for the rapid deforestation of the
Amazon rainforest.
• Sustainable management of the tropical rainforest.
• Slash and burn-is it sustainable?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wTzigSZaNk (Slash and Burn)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAZAKPUQMw0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pA5VGb_Izus

7. Savanna grasslands
• Loactions-
• Soil conditions- What is porous?
• What is Xerophytic features?
• Special plants-How Savanna vegetation adapts to the wet and dry
seasosns?
• Elephant grass,Acacia tree and Baobab tree

8. Human impact in the savanna grassland
• The causes of desertification
• Climate change in the Sahel
• Sustainable land management in Savanna grassland.

9. Coniferous forests
• Location
• Characteristics of coniferous tress
• Soil condition (Podzol)
• How the tress have adapted the harsh climate?
• Worlds largest forest biomes
• Coniferous forests are also known as boreal forests or Taiga
• Coniferous forests or trees are called soft woods.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUmHWrF8MnY
• Reading activity pages-142 -143

10. Human impact on coniferous forest
• Why preserve the forests?
• What is sustainable management?
• Sustainable forest status?
• How to use all of the tree?
• Afforestation and deforestation
• Reading activity- pages 144-145

11. And they should highlight the followings –
1.Why are the coniferous forests important to Finland and the world?
2.What is sustainable forest management in Finland?
3.Prioritise the top three methods of sustainable forest management in Finland,
which you think are vital to secure the future of the coniferous forests?

13. Population
• Read Page 147 for the goals
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur77lDetI9Q
• Demographic terms
• Read pages from 148-157
• Activities-Write the answers in your notebook at the end of
page 149,151,153,155 and 157

14. Population pyramid
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLmKfXwWQtE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpXXvx1gCpU(iMMIGRANT AND
EMMIGRANT)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QrUegs-kUs (Migration)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV4zCTZV7EM (Push and full
factor)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkke1NK28ew
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur77lDetI9Q

15. Migration status in Finland
• https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/5b12ac4f-
en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/5b12ac4f-en
• https://um.fi/migration-and-refugee-crisis-in-europe
• https://migri.fi/en/statistics
• https://www.statista.com/statistics/530476/number-of-immigrants-to-finland/
• https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/finland/population-
demographic-situation-languages-and-religions_en
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCLysG7U0PU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4b8mcuDxUkU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbLf9ne119w

16. Ageing population of Finland
• https://thl.fi/en/web/ageing/ageing-policy
• https://www.sttk.fi/2020/02/23/population-ageing-mismatches-lives-and-finnish-
society/
• https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/jun/26/virtual-visits-finland-remote-
care-ageing-population
• https://www.finanssiala.fi/en/topics/population-ageing-and-welfare-financing/#/
(very good for solution)
• Class activity
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4r0S5qoIXc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgSOl-01yjg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF14TCrMN2Q
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr6AEvTnGrw

17. Exam Summary
• Reading pages for Ecosystems and Biomes -129-145
• Population- Population density,birth rate,death rate,natural
increase,population pyramids and why are they useful,page-
154,155,pages 162-167
• Population ageing and the welfare of the elderly in Finland