SOLAR ENERGY...AND SOLAR PANELS...

1. SOLAR ENERGY
Presented By : Navin Pratap Singh
Roll No. :1334240044
Mechanical 3rd Year (Sec C)

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What are solar panels?
 Different types of solar panels.
 What are solar panels made of?
 How does solar panels work?
 How are solar panels positioned?
 Advantages of solar panels
 Reference

3. Solar energy is radiant light and heat
from the Sun harnessed using a range
of ever evolving technologies such as
solar heating, photovoltaics, solar
thermal energy and artificial
photosynthesis.
It is an important source of renewable
energy.
Introduction of Solar energy

4. SOLAR PANELS
 A device that harvest and
convert light to energy.
 A panel of interconnected
assembly of solar
cells(PV cells).
 Used to supply electricity
in commercial and
residential applications.

5. What is Photovoltaic ?
 Photovoltaic is the
conversion of solar
energy to electricity.
 Photovoltaic does not
generate heat.
 It is very reliable and
requires very little
maintenance.
 Generates no noise or
pollution.

6. 1. Monocrystalline solar panels(Single
crystal)
2. Polycrystalline solar panels(Multi-
Crystal)
3. String Ribbon Silicon solar panels
4. Amorphous solar panel
Types of solar panels:

7. Mono crystalline solar panels
(Single crystal):
 Most expensive type of solar
panel.
 Return electricity rate of 14%
to 18%.
 One continuous sheet of
silicon with metal sheets
nailed to it to increase
conductivity.
 More effective than other
panels.
 Most worth it in the long run.

8. Polycrystalline solar panels
(Multi-Crystal)
 Electricity return rate of 12% to
14%.
 Made up of many individual cells
that have metal conducting
materials nailed to the side to hold
the cells together.
 Cheapest solar panel.
 Lower maintenance cost compared
to Monocrystalline solar panels.

9. String Ribbon Silicon solar panels:
 Electricity return rate of 12% to
14%.
 The PV cells in a string ribbon
panel are made of strips of silicon
attached to metal bars that
connect the strips to form a cell.
 Production costs are slightly lower
compared to Polycrystalline solar
panels.

10. Amorphous solar panel :
 Lowest electricity return rate of
5% to 6%.
 These panels are not made of
crystalline silicon.
 They are composed of a piece of
semi-conductor material with a
thin silicon film on the top.
 Not worth it in the long run.

11. What are solar panels made of?
 There are two protective
layers on the
semiconductor.
 Solar panel are made of
two materials sandwiched
together called a
semiconductor.
 The top layer is negatively
charged while the bottom
is positively charged.

12. What are solar panels made of?
 Consists of million of
atoms that produce
positive and negative
charges.
 Silicon produces the
positive or negative
charged stimuli.

13. How does solar panels work?
 When sunlight reaches
the solar panels, the
electrons are knocked
loose from the silicon.
 These electrons then
move up from the bottom
layer of silicon.
 They then crowd the
electrons on the top
layer.

14. How does solar panels work?
 The electrons at the top
layer is then collected
by external contacts on
the surface of the top
layer.
 The electrons then
provide power to the
electrical system.

15.  The positioning of the panels is a major factor
in deciding how much sunlight hits the panel.
 Most are stationary but some solar panels
move accordingly when the sun moves.
 In the southern hemisphere, solar panels are
placed facing the north.
 In the northern hemisphere, solar panels are
place facing the south.
How are solar panels
positioned?

16.  In winter, the sun is lower compared to the
position of the sun in other season, so tilt
the panels accordingly.
 In summer, the sun is higher compared to
the position of the sun in other season.
How are solar panels
positioned?

17. Advantages of solar panels:
 Pollution-free.
 The energy source(Sun)
is completely renewable
unlike the usage of fossil
fuels for electricity.
 Enables the harnessing of
power in remote areas.

18.  Solar panels can also be
used to provide electricity
to places where it might be
difficult to construct power
lines.
 Requires very little
maintenance.
Advantages of solar panels:

19.  The current energy source for
most people is dependent on
fossil fuels.
 Fossil fuels is burnt to
produce energy which causes
pollution to the environment.
 Fossil fuels are also non-
renewable so once it is used
up, it will take million of years
to be replenished.
Why should we use solar
panels?

20.  Our current energy source is
running out and causes
pollution to environment.
 Solar panels do not need fossil
fuels and neither does it cause
pollution.
 Solar panels are able to
generate electricity as long as
there is sun.
Why should we use solar
panels?

21.  INTERNET
 WIKIPEDIA
REFRENCE