How Solar Panels Work Photovoltaic Cells: Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells, which convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Direct Current (DC): The electricity generated by the solar panels is in the form of direct current (DC), which needs to be converted to alternating current (AC) for use in homes and businesses. Inverter: The inverter converts the DC electricity into AC electricity, which can be used to power appliances and electronics. Net Metering: Any excess electricity generated by the solar panels can be sold back to the grid through a process called net metering, further reducing your energy costs. Maintenance: Solar panels require minimal maintenance, but regular cleaning and inspections can help ensure they continue to function at their best.