using of enzyme in industries and applications كيفية استخدام الانزيم في النواحي التطبيقة والصناعية

1. IMMOBILIZATION OF
ENZYME
‫م‬.‫د‬.‫جواد‬ ‫نصير‬‫الزركاني‬
Biotechnology

2. Immobilized Enzyme Systems
Enzyme Immobilization:
-To restrict enzyme mobility in a fixed space.
- OR the attachment of cell or enzyme in or on insoluble
- matrix

3. • Methods of Enzyme Immobilization:

5. Some examples of Application of
immobilized enzymes
• Bioreactors
• Large scale production or conversion of various compounds.
• Biosensors
• An analytical device which can detect and quantify specific analytes
in complex samples like glucose bosensor
• Bioremediation
• For the removal/detoxification of contaminants like phenol dyes

6. Bioremediation of toxic
compound

7. Juice
synthesis

8. Bioremediation of water

10. •Simplest immobilization method
•First immobilized enzyme model:
invertase on the activated charcoal (Nelson
and Griffin, 1916). Problem: leakage (Forces
are weak. Regeneration is easy
Best known industrial example: amino acylase immobilized on DEAE-Sephadex
in the production of amino acids
Adsorption and Ionic binding Mix the enzyme and support
in suitable conditions
•Activated charcoal
•Alluminium hydroxide.

11. Covalent immobilization
The most widely used method for enzyme immobilization
-more complex. -Expensive chemicals
-It is time-consuming -But stable and leaching is minimal
Amino acid
Agarose (OH)
Amino acid
Amino acid
Dextran (OH)
Designed by
Dr. Naseer Al -
Zorkani

12. Enzymes may be entrapped within
1-Matrix Entrapment 2- Membrane Entrapment
(microencapsulation)
Incubate the enzyme together with the gel
monomers
• Enzyme leakage into solution
• Diffusional limitation/
• Reduced enzyme activity and stability
• Lack of control micro-environmental conditions.
Example Polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamide
gels are examples
3-Entrapment

13. Cross linking (copolymerization):
• Advantage: directly linked by covalent bonds between various
groups of enzymes via polyfunctional reagents.
• Unlike other methods, there is no matrix or support involved in this
method.
• This technique is cheap and simple but not often used with pure
enzymes.
• This method is widely used in commercial preparations and
industrial applications.