The herbarium & Botanical gardens are the temples of botanists. This PPT intends to explore these institutes and their role in nature studies for UG courses.

1. PLANT TAXONOMY
WELCOME TO HERBARIUM AND BOTANICAL GARDEN
N.Sannigrahi, Associate Professor,
Department of Botany, Nistarini College, Purulia(W.B) India

2. HERBARIUM(Size:42*29 cm)

3. WHAT IS HERBARIUM
• The Herbarium is a collection of preserved(Dry or wet) plants that are stored,
catalogued, and arranged systematically for study. When specimens are collected
in the field, the Herbarium and associated information in the library is used to
identify these specimens, to determine how one species differs from another, or
whether a specimen represents a species new to science.
• Herbarium specimens act as a source of information, to determine: what the
plants look like; where they are found; what environmental niche they occupy;
which species are threatened by extinction; what morphological and chemical
variation occurs; and, when they flower or produce seed. Specimens can be used
to provide samples of DNA to study relationships and evolutionary processes.
They also act as vouchers to validate scientific observations. The Herbarium is
therefore of immense practical use and of fundamental importance to science.
• Herbarium with botanical garden accession may be Orchedarium, Arboratum,
Bambusetum, Pinneatum depending on its repository.

4. FUNCTIONS OF HERBARIUM
• Individual plants (or parts of plants) are preserved, stored and cared for over time so
that current and future generations can identify plants, study biodiversity and use the
collection in support of conservation, ecology and sustainable development.
• (a) A herbarium serves as an invaluable conservatory of plant material of flora.
collected from different parts of the world. Thus, they provide at one place, basic
material for study of flora and vegetation of different places or regions.
• (b). The specimens in the herbarium carry valuable data on their labels. These
include data on habitat, habit, local names, colour of flowers or other characters of
the plant, native uses of the plant, abundance or frequency of the species, associated
plants, etc.Such data provides valuable material for proper morphological description
and range of variation of a similar plant collected from a different region, range of
distribution and variation in its uses in different places. Thus, a herbaria provide data
for botanical, ethno-botanical and phytogeographical studies.

5. FUNCTIONS OF HERBARIUM
• c) The herbarium serves as an aid in teaching botany to students in institutions where
a herbarium is present, as it helps a teacher to show his students a plant specimen
which may not be available fresh at the time of giving the course. It also helps
students to identify local plants collected by them.
• (d) Preserved specimens of herbaria are used in almost all types of taxonomic
research. It is believed to be an essential requirement for biosystematics research
today, for correct identification and nomenclature of the plant under study.
• The specimens in the herbaria are very often used as a source of material for
anatomical, palynological and chemo-taxonomical studies.
• (f) The herbaria provide important data on actual places of occurrence, time of
flowering and fruiting, associated species and other data for researches in
embryology, cytology and ecology.
• (g) The herbaria have proved to be very valuable source of information for ethno-
botanical researches as many native uses of plants are recorded on the herbarium
sheets.

6. PREPARATION OF HERBARIUM SHEET

7. MAJOR HERBARIA OF WORLD

8. INSIDE THE HERBARIUM

9. MAJOR INDIAN HERBARIA

10. BOTANICAL GARDEN
• The garden is generally defined as a place for growing flowers, fruits or
vegetables. But botanic or botanical garden is an educational institution for
scientific workers and general public or layman to awake and enlightened interest
in plant life.
• The botanical gardens are of immense value not only to botanists, home
gardeners, nurserymen, horticulturists, landscape gardeners and foresters but also
to millions of national and international tourists.
• The botanical gardens should have morphological gardens to display seed
dispersal in plants; genetics or breeding garden to display the laws of heredity
and a taxonomic garden to display plant families. There should be a fruticetum,
arboteum, a section of economic plants; green houses and nurseries for
propagating and cultivating exotic, end genetic and delicate plants.
• A botanical garden is an institution for botanical research, especially on the
native flora of the region. There should be a herbarium, library, photographic
studies, lecture pavilon and recreational facilities

11. IMAGE OF BOTANICAL GARDEN

12. FUNCTIONS OF BOTANICAL GARDEN
• Botanical gardens act as out-door laboratories.
• 2. Initiate studies on the tropical and temperate ecosystems and their biota, before they are lost to
science and preserve such systems.
• 3. Serve as centres of gene pools or germ plasm bank of wild relatives of economically important
plants.
• 4. Establish Nature centres and youth Museums to focus attention on destruction of tropical and
temperate ecosystem, environmental degradation.
• 5. Maintain less attractive and abandoned ornamental plants.
• 6. Train city arborists in the plantation of trees in urban areas.
• 7. Collaborate university and others to conduct research in environmental biology etc.
• 8. Organise educational programmes to create environmental awareness among children students
and train teachers in environmental education.
• 9. Centres of conservation of endangered and rare species.
• They serve as pollution indicator centres by growing pollution – susceptible plants.
• 12. Most of the economic plants were originally introduced and distributed to the other parts of
the world through botanic gardens.

13. THE GREAT BANYAN TREE OF HOWRAH

14. MAJOR BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE WORLD
• Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ...
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York City, USA. ...
• Singapore Botanic Garden, Singapore. ...
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia. ...
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. ...
• Denver Botanic Gardens, Colorado, USA. ...
• Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa.
• Lalbagh Botanical Gardens, Bangalore: ...
• Government Botanical Gardens, Ooty: ...
• TNAU Botanical Garden, Coimbatore: ...
• The Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Kolkata: ...
• The Agri Horticulture Society of India, Alipore, Kolkata:

15. HOPE, YOU HAVE ENJOYED IT.THANKS FOR PARTICIPATION