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Anne Frank
The story of the Frank family began in Germany in the 1920’s when Otto and Edith
Frank led a happy life, highlighted by the births of their daughters Margot and Anne.
She and her older sister Margot, frequently spent their summer in Aachen, Germany,
with their grandmother. In 1933, in response to Hitler’s anti-Jewish decrees, Otto
Frank opened a branch of his company, Opteka, in Amsterdam and began planning
to bring his family there.
The Frank family �nally moved into a house on Medwedplein in southern
Amsterdam in 1933 and Anne began to attend the nearby Montessori school, where
she excelled. Anne made many friends and was an exceptional student.
The family’s feelings of security collapsed, however, when in 1940, Adolf Hitler and
his troops conquered Holland and the freedom of the Jews began to be severely
restricted. Dictates on where Jews could shop, swim or go to school became a part
of everyday life.
Aware of where those restrictions might ultimately lead, Otto Frank spent the year
Anne Frank Bullenhuser Damm Eva And Miriam Gerstein
Kurt Gerstein, SS Of�cer Rescuers Schirach
The Children The Holocaust Children The Little Girl

2. preparing and stocking an annex behind his business of�ce at Prinsengracht 263
into a hiding place.
On her 13th birthday in 1942 Anne received as a gift from her parents, a diary. She
immediately took to writing her intimate thoughts and musings. A few short weeks
later, however, Margot received a notice from the Nazi SS to report for work detail at
a labor camp. On July 5th, 1942, Anne and the Frank family moved to the “Secret
Annex” adjacent to Otto Frank’s former of�ce on Prinsengracht.
When the thirteen-year-old and her family went into hiding from the Nazis, the
diary went with her. She called it Kitty, and for the two years she spent in hiding, the
diary was her solace, her con�dant, her friend. What she recorded there were, in
many ways, the ordinary thoughts and feelings of a teenage girl. But she was a
teenage girl living under extraordinary circumstances in ominous times.
Eight people eventually came to live in the secret annex. There were the four
members of the Frank family, Otto Frank, Edith Frank, Margot and Anne, three from
the Van Pels family, Herman and Auguste Van Pels and their son Peter, and an
elderly dentist named Pfeffer.
Anne’s famous diary captured two years of hiding in the attic above the store, but it
ended on August 4, 1944, when their hiding place was betrayed, probably by a
Dutch woman Lena Hartog-van Bladeren. She was one of the cleaning women
working in the of�ce in front of the annex …
All those who lived there were arrested by the Nazis and deported to concentration
camps.
As the Gestapo men searched the annex for valuables such as money, the briefcase
in which Anne kept her writings was opened and the papers were scattered on the
�oor. Little did these men realize the eventual value of these materials. However, the
two women, Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, had known of Anne’s intense feelings about
these papers and gathered them up for safe keeping.
A few weeks later, as the Allies began retaking Holland, the inhabitants of the camp
were moved to Auschwitz and later to other camps. At the gates of Auschwitz, Otto
Frank was separated from his family for the last time.
Otto Frank was the only one of the original 8 residents of the secret annex to
survive. Van Pels died in the Auschwitz gas chambers and Pfeffer died at the
Neuengamme camp in Germany.

3. Anne and Margot ultimately ended up in the Bergen-Belsen camp in Germany, after
being evacuated from Auschwitz in October, 1944. As starvation. cold and disease
swept through the camp’s population, Margot, developed typhus and died. A few
days later, Anne herself, in April, 1945, succumbed to the disease a few weeks
before the camp was liberated by the British. She was 15 years old …
Though she never lived to see her 16th birthday, Anne Frank’s innermost thoughts
scribbled on scraps of paper challenge us, and shame us, a full �fty years after her
death. Her life serves as eulogy to the millions of children who perished in World
War II.
She did not leave her legacy as an ode to the past – but as a beacon of hope to the
future …
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