class note

1. Department of CSE
City University
Class note-1
Course Title: Data Communication
Course Code:CSE-313
Submition To:
Pranab Bondhu Nath
Senior Lecturer
Department of CSE
City University
Submitted by
Name: Nazmun Nahar
Id:1834902176
Department:CSE(Day)
Batch:49th
Section:B
Submission Date:24.08.2021
Basic parts of a computer and how they work:

2. 5 parts of a computer
Whether it's a gaming system or a home PC, the five main components that make
up a typical, present-day computer include:
• A motherboard
• A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card
• Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory
• Storage: Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
In terms of construction, each of these main components are attached to the
motherboard and then put into a protective case—resembling the clean, polished
look most of us are accustomed to seeing.
1. Motherboard
What it is: All components of a computer communicate through a circuit board
called the motherboard, as was mentioned above.
The official motherboard definition is that it’s the main printed circuit board within a
computer, which means it’s the primary piece of circuitry that all of the other pieces
plug into to create a cohesive whole.
How does it work: The motherboard is the backbone that ties the computer’s
components together at one spot and allows them to talk to each other. Without it,
none of the computer pieces, such as the CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could interact.
Total motherboard functionality is necessary for a computer to work well. If your
motherboard is on the fritz, expect some big problems.
Think of the motherboard as the glue that holds everything else together.
(The Raspberry Pi, like the one featured in our summer course for kids, Build and
Code Your Own Take-Home Laptop, is a motherboard.)
The motherboard’s video card and Central Processing Unit are contained in an
integrated (built-in) chipset, shown in the picture below:

3. This is where input/output devices such as a keyboard, mouse, and speakers get
plugged in.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What it is: The CPU is often called the "brain" of a computer, thanks to its direct
plug connection to the motherboard, and communication with all of the
computer’s other components.
How does it work: Whenever we write a line of code (in Python, Java, C++, or
any other programming language), it's broken down into assembly language—
which is a language that the processor can understand. It fetches, decodes, and
executes these instructions.
And that’s where the CPU comes in—all the processes a computer handles are
taken care of by the CPU.

4. 3. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
What it is:A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit
designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images
in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. GPUs are used in embedded
systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles.
.
How does it work:Graphics card take the data from our computers central
processing unit9CPU) and turn it into visual information us to see our monitor.
Graphics cards often communicate directly with the display monitor, meaning a
$1,000 graphics card won't be of much use if there isn't a high-end monitor
connected to it.
4. Random Access Memory (RAM)
What it is: RAM, also known as volatile memory, stores data regarding
frequently accessed programs and processes. (It's called volatile memory because
it gets erased every time the computer restarts.)
How does it work: RAM helps programs and games start up and close quickly.

5. 5. Storage
What it is: All computers need somewhere to store their data. Modern computers
either use a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD).
How does it work: HDDs are made of an actual disk onto which data is stored.
The disk is read by a mechanical arm. (HDDs are cheaper than SSDs, but are
slowly becoming more and more obsolete.)
SSDs (think SIM cards) have no moving parts and are faster than a hard drive,
because no time is spent waiting for a mechanical arm to find data on a physical
location on the disk.
Reference:https://www.idtech.com/blog/parts-of-a-computer