what is Nano technology,its applications , advantages and disadvantages

1. APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN ELECTRONICS
BY
N.SRUTHI

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Nanotechnology
• What makes the Nanoscale special?
• Need of Nanotechnology in Electronics
• Nanotechnology in Electronics
• Common Applications of Nanotechnology in
Electronics
• Future Scope of Nanotechnology

3. INTRODUCTION
What is “Nano”?
Nano in Greek means
‘dwarf’…..but in actual Nano is even
smaller than dwarf i.e atomic level of
anything.

4. What is Nanoscale ?
1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m
Fullerenes C60
12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm
10 millions times
smaller
1 billion times
smaller
4

5. NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnology is the
study of manipulating
matter on an atomic scale.
• Nanotechnology refers
to the constructing and
engineering of the
functional systems at very
micro level or we can say at
atomic level.
• A Nanometer is one
billionth of a meter,
roughly the width of three
or four atoms. The average
human hair is about
25,000 nanometers wide.

6. What is a Carbon Nanotube?
 A Carbon Nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of
carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometre scale.
 Carbon Nanotubes are formed from essentially the graphite
sheet and the graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled-
up continuous unbroken hexagonal mesh and carbon
molecules at the apexes of the hexagons.
 Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family.

7. Need of Nanotechnology in
Electronics  Today microelectronics are used
and they solve our most of the
problems.
 The two exceptional disadvantages
of micro electronics are:
 Physical size
 Increasing cost of fabrication of
integrated circuits.
 To overcome these
disadvantages nanotechnology
can be used.

8. Nanotechnology in Electronics
• Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology
on electronic components, especially transistors.
• Nanoelectronics often refer to transistor devices that are
so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum
mechanical properties need to be studied extensively.
• Besides being small and allowing more transistors to be
packed into a single chip, the uniform and symmetrical
structure of nanotubes allows a higher electron mobility, a
higher dielectric constant (faster frequency), and a
symmetrical electron/ hole characteristic.

9.  Increasing the density of
memory chips
 Decreasing the weight and
thickness of the screens
 Nanolithography is used for
fabrication of chips.
 Reducing the size of transistors
used in integrated circuits.
 Improving display screens on
electronics devices.
 Reducing power consumption.
Advantages of Using Nanotechnology in
Electronics

10. NANO SENSORS:
Graphene transistor
• Graphene is a single sheet of carbon atoms packed in a
honeycomb crystal lattice, isolated from graphite.
• Allows electrons to move at an extraordinarily high
speed.
• With its intrinsic nature of being one-atom-thick, can be
exploited to fabricate field-effect transistors that are
faster and smaller.

11. Single Electron Transistor
• A single electron transistor
needs only one electron to
change from the insulating
to the conducting state.
• Deliver very high device
density and power
efficiency with remarkable
operational speed.
• Quantum dots with sub-100
nm dimensions have to be
fabricated.

12. Carbon-based nanosensors
Graphene and
carbon nanotubes
have:
 Excellent thermal conductivity
 High mechanical robustness
 Very large surface to volume ratio
making them superior materials for
fabrication of electromechanical
and electrochemical sensors with
higher sensitivities, lower limits of
detection, and faster response time.
Any additional gold atom that adsorbs on
the surface of a vibrating carbon nanotube
would change its resonance frequency
which is further detected.

14. Computer processing
Moore’s Law :
describes a
trend of
technology.
It states
that the
number of
transistors
that can be
put on a
single chip
will double
every two
years.

15. Because of
nanotechnology,
the speed of
computers has
increased while
the price of
computing has
decreased.

16. Memory and storage
5 megabytes
in 1956
128 MB in 2005
128 GB in 2014

17. Displays
Carbon nanotubes on a glass or plastic sheet
allow manufacturers to make clear
conductive panels for displays that are
extremely thin.

18. FUTURE SCOPE IN
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnology for flexible Electronics
• Nanotechnology for wireless devices
• Nanotechnology for molecular devices

19. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR FLEXIBLE
ELECTRONICS
 Stretchable electronics or flexible
electronics is likely to be the future
of mobile electronics.
 Potential applications include
wearable electronic devices,
biomedical uses, compact portable
devices, and robotic devices.
 In the future, it is likely that
graphene will become a dominant
material in flexible electronics.
 Graphene is nothing but an
allotrope of carbon that has superb
electrical conductivity, flexibility,
and physical strength.

20. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR
MOLECULAR DEVICES
 Reducing size of electronics is the
need of era and this can be achieved
with the help of molecules that can
be used in active devices.
 These molecules behave as diodes
or programmable switches that
make connections between wires
and consume less current.
 Thousands of molecules can be
sandwiched between two crossing
micro-scale wires to create an active
devices. Since molecular devices fit
between the wires, large area
savings could be achieved.

21. "The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”