Types of Cells

2. • Prokaryotes- are cells without nucleus. However, they have the nucleoid, a region
which contains most of their genetic material in the form of the circular DNA.
-cell size is usually 1-5 micrometers only.
-it contains small, double strands of separate DNA called plasmids
-cell division of prokaryotic cell happens through binary fission
-Exocytosis and endocytosis are not observed in prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes- are cells that have true nucleus, which are bound by the nuclear
membrane
-the size of the eukaryotes is within 10-100 um.
-cell is linear with histones
-eukaryotes have many organelles
-cell divides through mitosis and meiosis
-it can perform endocytosis and exocytosis

3. CELLULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIVE
KINGDOMS
Kingdom Plantae- most photosynthetic processes in plants use the pigment
chlorophyll
Carotenoid- a class of accessory pigments responsible for the yellow, orange, and
red colors in plants, also it helps in photosynthesis
-found in the chromoplast.
Plastids- organelles responsible for pigment synthesis and storage

4. Kingdom Fungi
Fungi were initially classified under kingdom plantae. However, the
cells of Kingdom Fungi cannot make their own food. Thus they are
consumers. This is one of the reasons why Kingdom Fungi was
separated from Kingdom plantae.
The cells of fungi also have a cell wall, which is composed of Chitin.
Chitin is a polysaccharide similar to cellulose.

5. Kingdom Animalia
• Osteocyte- is a bone cell
• Chondrocyte- cell that makes up your cartilage
• Neuron- is a nerve cell
Classification of Epithelial Cells
1. Squamous Cell- it is flattened in appearance
2. Cuboidal Cell- it appears as a square or a cube
3. Columnar Cell- shape is like rectangle

6. Kingdom Protista
Protozoa- protists with animal- like characteristics
Classifications of Protozoa
1.Sarcodina- move by pseudopodia cellular projections that act
like a false foot
2.Ciliophora- move by using cilia
3.Sarcomastigophra- move by using cilia
4.Sporozoa- do not have locomotory structures

7. Kingdom Monera
1.Eubacteria- are unicellular organisms
Classification of Eubacteria based on their shapes
a. Cocci- appear in circular
b.Bacilli- those that look like rods
c.Spirilla- those that appear spiral

8. 2.Archaebacteria- they can live in very harsh environments
Classification of Archaebacteria
1.Halophiles- are those that can live in very salty environments
2.Thermophiles- are those that can live in very hot places.
3.Acidophiles- are those that prefer acidic environments.
4.Methanogens- are those that produce methane as a waste product.