1. Sunflower Necrosis Disease was first reported in India in 1997 in Karnataka. It is caused by Tobacco Streak Virus and transmitted by thrips. 2. Symptoms include mosaic, chlorotic spots, leaf necrosis, stem twisting, and defoliation. It can reduce seed yield by 2-100%. 3. The disease is spread through infected pollen carried by thrips to sunflower and alternate hosts like Parthenium weed. High temperatures and humidity favor disease development.

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
SUNFLOWER NECROSIS DISEASE
Submitted by Course teacher
RAMYA.V Dr.Parthasarathy.S
2015021106 Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology)

2. HISTORY OF SND
• In India, Sunflower Necrosis Disease (SND) was first
reported for the first time at Bagepally region of kolar
district in Karnataka 1997.
• The scientist who was first reported –Singh et al.,
1997.

3. OCCURENCE AND DISTRIBUTION
• World- Australia, Netherland.
• India - Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra
and Tamil Nadu .

4. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• The intensity of this disease ranges from 2 to 100% .
• Greatly reduce the growth and seed yield.
• In general,the disease occurence has been erratic and its
incidence varies from season to season and place to
place-(Chander Rao et al).

5. SYMPTOMS
• Mosaic and chlorotic ring spot
on younger leaf.
• Marginal necrosis of leaf .
Necrosis on stem and stalk.
• Twisting of stem to S shape.
• Defoliation of ear head.
©agropedia

6. ©Narasimha.G

8. SUNFLOWER NECROSIS DISEASE
• Systematic position,
Order : +ss RNA Viruses
Group : IV
Family : Bromoviridae
Genus : Illavirus
Species : Tobacco streak virus

9. Causal Organism
• TSV of Ilar virus group
causes necrosis (Prasada
Rao et al., 2003).
• The virus is transmitted
through Thrips.

10. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• The virus is transmitted through sap,but failed to transmit
through seed.
• It was observed that the virus might be present in infected
flower heads till the plant is alive and it did not carry along
with seeds after harvest (Chander Rao et al., 2000).
• Transmisson-Groundnut , Cowpea, Soyabean, Horsegram and
Ridge gourd through thrips (Anjula -2000).

11. • The disease was spread by carrying the infected pollen not by
acquiring in their body(Sonali et al.,2005).
• The main source of inoculam was identified as the pollen grains
of infected crop plants or weeds (Prasada Rao et al., 2003).
• The thrips should carry 20-200 pollen grains over their body
externally thus helping in spreading the inoculam and causing the
disease.

12. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
• The disease incidence was higher in Kharif and
summer seasons whereas low in Rabi.
• Necrosis occurence was more during July-September
and January-March sowings.
• Temperature-30-32⁰ C.
• Relative humidity-55-75%.
• Highest occurence after heavy rains.

13. HOST RANGE

14. ALTERNATE HOST
• The obnoxious weed Parthenium is suspected as
alternate host ,as its pollen is known to posses the virus.
• And also observed in weed plant Xanthium,Tridax
procumbens,Euphorbia geniculata and Digeria
arvensis (DOR Annual report 2000).

15. MANAGEMENT OF SND
• CULTURAL METHOD,
• Removal of Parthenium plant from the field or in and
around the field .
• Intercropping with groundnut, urdbean.(Chander Rao et
al.,2003).
• Growing chrysanthemum and marigold close to
sunflower has to be avoided.
• Border crops like Sorghum, Cumbu, Maize.

16. CHEMICAL METHODS
• Seed treatment with Imidacloprid, Dinotefuran, Spinosad,
Neonicotinoids @5g/kg.
• Spraying of Imidacloprid 0.01% or Oxydemeton methyl
0.025%,three times at 15 days interval starting from 15
days afer sowing was effective control of insect vectors .

17. ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS
• Antiviral materials such as Prosopis, goatmilk are in
combinations were used to induce the resistance
against TSV.
• It enhances PR protein like beta-1,3 glucanase and
oxidative enzymes like Peroxidase,Polyphenol
oxidase,Phenylalanine ammonialyse.

18. BIOLOGICAL METHODS
PGPMCs-1: consisting of Bacillus licheniformis strain
MML2501 + Bacillus sp. strain MML2551 + Pseudomonas
aeruginosa strain MML2212 + Streptomyces fradiae strain
MML1042.
PGPMCs-2: consisting of Bacillus licheniformis strain
MML2501 + Bacillus sp. strain MML2551 + Pseudomonas
aeruginosa strain MML2212 along with
imidacloprid + mancozeb (Srinivasan and Mathivanan).