1. COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS
COURSE TEACHER:
Dr. PARTHASARATHY S
Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology)
STUDENT:
Mr. SURESH.L
ID. NO. 2016021044
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore3)
Kullapuram (Po),Via Vaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
2. HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
The disease was first reported on Gossypium
barbadense from Nigeria in 1912 and is known to
occur on Abelmoschus esculentus and Corchorus
fascicularis also.
Later on reported from Tanzania and Sudan in 1926
and 1934 respectively.
It is a major disease of cotton in Asia and Africa.
4. HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
In Asia ,it has been reported from Pakistan and Western
India inciting severe disease symptoms characteristics to
this disease.
In Pakistan cotton leaf curl virus was reported for the first
time in 1967 near Multan.
Severe epidemics of cotton leaf curl disease have occured
in Pakistan in the past few years with yield losses as high
as 100% in fields where infection occured early in
growing season.
5. HOST PLANTS
Gossypium spp. mainly Gossypium barbadense
OTHER HOSTS:
Hibiscus esculentus
H. cannabinus
H. sabdariffa
Phyllanthus niruri
Abutilon sp.
Petunia spp.
6. SYMPTOMS
The infected plants remain stunted and their leaves
show distinct upward and downward curling.
The curling occurs due to increase in interveinal
tissues.
Enation on the veins on underside of leaves which
develop into large leaf like outgrowth.
Chlorosis,thickening and malformation of
veins,petioles and leaves are commonly observed.
7. SYMPTOMS
Infected plant give bushy appearance.
Vein swelling.
Back-lighting shows the characteristic dark vein.
Leaves become leathery texture and look thick.
Leaves may look wilted.
11. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
Domain : Virus
Unknown : “ssDNA viruses”
Family : Geminiviridae
Genus : Begomovirus
Species : Cotton leaf curl virus,
Tobacco streak virus
12. CAUSAL ORGANISM
The virus belongs to the subgroup of Geminivirus.
Analysis of nucleic acid sequences has indicated that
cotton leaf curl virus is closely related to tomato
yellow leaf curl virus, cassava latent virus and indian
cassava mosaic virus.
13. DISEASE CYCLE
Chilli pepper often overlaps the cotton crop and might
serve as an important inoculum for the disease
development.
Okra crop is also considered to be the important source of
inoculum.
Chilli pepper has been shown to contain begomo viruses
and a distinct DNA has been isolated but there is no
report of cotton leaf curl affecting chilli pepper.
The disease is known to be transmitted by whitefly
vector-Bemisia tabaci.
15. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) is affected by
climatic condition like rainfall, wind and temperature.
Disease infestation increased in the range of
maximum and minimum temperatures of 33-45°C
and 25 -30°C respectively.
16. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
Maximum disease incidence percentage was
recorded at 6 week old seedlings and it gradually
decreased with increase in age of the plant.
Rainfall prior to seedling may result in development
of an increased population of vector due to abundance
in food source.
17. DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Use resistant varieties X1530 and X1730 and hybrids
LHH-144, CSHH 198, CSHH238.
Growing of okra crop in and around the cotton field
should be discouraged.
Intercropping with wild species of solanum should
be followed.
Crop rotation with crops that are not host plants for
whiteflies.
18. DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Affected plants should be rogue out.
Destroy off-season weeds and clean cultivation
during the season to minimise sources of virus
inoculum.
Whitefly (vector-Bemisia tabaci) should be managed
by growing whitefly resistant varieties or by judicious
use of any suitable insecticide-methyl demeton,
triazophos, acetamprid 20%SC and neem preparation
have been found effective to control the whitefly
through its application.
19. REFERENCES
D.P.Tripathi, 2007, Introductory plant virology, Lyall
Book Depot, Ludhiana. pp 347
Kenneth M.smith,1972, A Text Book Of Plant Virus
Diseases, Longman Group Limited, London. pp 221-
224
