Source of leather

Department of Leather Engineering, KUET, Khulna-9203.

Source of leather
• Cow hide
• Goat Skins
• Sheep Skins
• Mule
• Pig Skins
• Deerskin
• Bison or Buffalo hide
• Ostrich leather
• Kangaroo leather
• Eel skin
• Crocodile
• Horse
• Snake skin
• Seal Skin
S. M. Murshidur Rahman, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
• Shark skin
• Lizard
• Walrus
• Shagreen
• Yak
• Whale etc.

Cow leather
Bovine or Cowhide leather is the most abundant and common leather source.
Cowhide offers maximum value for texture, appearance, durability, and comfort.
Cowhide is easy to care for, the least expensive due to its availability and is dirt
and water resistant. Cowhide is one of the heaviest leathers making it very tough
wearing and durable featuring a pebble grain appearance. Although it can be
somewhat stiff, cowhide breaks in easily. Cow leather is used for virtually every
leather product including outerwear, jackets, casual and biker style coats, gloves,
belts, saddles, bags, furniture, straps, shoes, boots, and upholstery.

Cow leather
Calfskin is used to produce a high quality, attractive leather with a soft,
fine feel. Calfskin has a smooth surface, which is dense, lightweight,
and abrasion resistant. Calfskin takes on high luster with use and is used
in bookbinding, dresses, shoes, and straps.

Cow leather

Goat Skins
They have an area of 4 to 8 sq. ft. with a coarse fibrous structure varying
between butt and belly. Substance is thick. Vegetable tanned goat skins are
used as linings.
Goat skin leather is an economical, strong and durable, with a smooth fine
grain. Goatskin is slightly softer and tougher than cow leather and is
lightweight, comfortable, supple, flexible, and water-resistant. Pigskin is used
to manufacture to gloves, casual shoes, coats, vests, bookbinding, wallets,
belts, and protective clothing. Kidskin is a very soft leather made from the
hide of a young goat.

Goat skin

Sheep Skins
Sheep skins have loose fibrous structure, loose grain surface and light
substance with a soft feel. They have an area of 2 to 9 sq.ft and are suede
finished. The wool sheep skins can be sheared. Sheep skins are used for
linings.
Sheep skin leather is extremely soft, comfortable, and pliable. The finely
grained leather is thin and supple with a buttery texture. Sheep leather is
lightweight, warm and delicate and absorbs water well.

Sheep skin

Pig Skins
Pig skin is the leather fabric made from a pig or a hog. Pig or hog skin
leather is a dense leather similar to cowhide with a soft and supple feel and
very good durability. Pigskin is very pliable, comfortable and water
resistant with a high lanolin content to keep the glove soft after getting
wet. Pigskin is used to manufacture work gloves, shoes, boots, sportswear,
handbags, saddle seats, belts and apparel such as, shirts, blazers, and
jackets. Despite their nickname, footballs are actually made of cowhide.

Pig Skin

Deerskin
Deerskin is one of the toughest leathers available due to the thorny nature
of the animal’s natural habitats. Deerskin leather’s high tensile strength is
abrasion resistant and offers high durability. Deerskin is extremely soft and
comfortable with a spongy feel. It is lightweight, water-friendly, and
stretchy and fits well. Deerskin is more expensive and used to manufacture
gloves, shirts, dresses, hats, slippers, jackets, overcoats, sporting
equipment, handbags, wallets, and upholstery.

Deerskin

Bison or Buffalo hide
Buffalo hide is a heavy duty and durable leather and very value priced.
This leather is rugged and strong, yet soft and supple with a rubber
waxy feel. Buffalo leather features thicker fibers which are more widely
spaced and evident hair follicles creating a pebbly appearance. Bison
leather is used to make furniture, shoes, belts, bookbinding, rugs,
gloves, jackets, and baseball gloves .

Buffalo leather

Ostrich leather
Ostrich leather is much rarer, but is one of the finest and most durable
leathers. Ostrich leather is luxurious, soft, supple, and thick featuring an
exotic goose bump appearance from the large feather quill follicles. Ostrich
leather is popular in luxury fashion and is used to make boots, footwear,
upholstery, accessories, clothing, luggage, purses, wallets, and briefcases.

Ostrich leather

Eel skin
Eel skin is a very thin and elegant, which is not very strong. Eel skin
leather can be durable but requires maintenance if exposed to elements.
Eel skin is soft, shiny, and smooth with horizontal pin-stripe patterns.
This leather is actually produced from a slimy eel-like fish called the
inshore hagfish, which is caught in the wild. Eel skin becomes softer
and suppler with use and is used to make wallets and handbags.

Eel leather

Crocodile and alligator skin
Crocodile and alligator skin renders a very attractive and fashionable
leather. The leather is strong, supple, durable and very expensive. A bony
layer within the skin adds a protective shield, while a dimple on each
scale makes a very exotic look. Crocodile and alligator leather is used to
make luxury goods, handbags, wallets, boots, belts, and briefcases.

Crocodile and alligator skin

Snakeskin
Snakeskin is typically produced from venomous sea snakes which are
commercially farmed. The leather is delicate, thin, soft and flexible,
while the fine small hexagon scales produce exotic detailed grains.
Snake skin leather is used to make boots, wallets, and handbags.

Kangaroo leather
Kangaroo leather is lightweight, strong and flexible with high abrasion
resistance compared to cowhide. Ostrich leather can be cut into very thin
layers which remain strong and create lighter weight garments. Ostrich
leather is made from free range wild animals and is popular in soccer
footwear, as well as, bullwhips and apparel.

Kangaroo leather

Stingray or shagreen leather
Stingray or shagreen leather is very tough with a siliceous layer on the
surface, which makes it as durable as hard plastic. Stingray leather has a
beautiful appearance and wonderful feel, which is very strong. Stingray
leather scales even protect from fire damage. The leather is usually dyed
black and covered with tiny round bumps dyed white to highlight the
decoration. Stingray leather is used for clothing, furniture, wallets, belts,
purses, and briefcases.

Stingray or shagreen leather

Sealskin
Sealskin is the skin of a seal which has been hunted.
Seal skins have been used by aboriginal people for millennia to make waterproof jackets
and boots, and seal fur to make fur coats. Sailors used to have tobacco pouches made
from sealskin. Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia and Namibia all export sealskin. It
was traditionally used to make Scottish sporrans.
The indigenous Inuit people argue that banning seal products is detrimental to their way
of life. However, there are many objections to the use of seal skin, fur and pelts, and it is
illegal to hunt seals in many countries, particularly young seals. The value of global
sealskin exports in 2006 was over 16 million Canadian dollars.

Sealskin

Mule skin
Mule skin has a higher density than steer which gives it a very distinct and
crisp sound profile. We have several different types of mule skin which
work perfectly for many different types of drums.
Mule skin has a very bright tone and sounds controlled and tight. Slaps are
amazingly crisp.

Mule skin

Horse/Equine skin
Equine skin conditions are often difficult to diagnose and frustrating to treat,
with causes ranging from fungus to allergens to who-knows-what.
The skin is the largest organ of your horse’s body. It provides a protective
barrier against the environment, regulates temperature, and gives your horse its
sense of touch. Depending on the species and age, the skin may be 12 to 24%
of an animal’s body weight. The skin has 3 major layers: the epidermis or
outermost layer, the dermis or middle layer, and the subcutis or innermost layer.
Other important components include skin appendages (such as hair and
hooves), and subcutaneous muscles and fat.

Horse/Equine skin

Lizard leather
Lizard leather scales are remarkably water proof, and provide excellent
protection from the elements. Pesky stains shan’t be nearly as much of a
threat to lizard skin as to other leathers, although this shouldn’t be your cue
to take it for granted. Those scales are rooted in place by a well lubricated
membrane beneath them, which they are charged with protecting. Should
that membrane dry up, the scales can pop off, which really doesn’t bode
well for the aesthetics. Try not to take lizard leather out under excessive
weather conditions, such as rain. If it does get wet, just blot up the moisture
with a dry, clean cloth or paper towel.

Lizard leather

Walrus leather
Leather produced from any fur bearing swimming mammal such as the
Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), Pacific walrus (Odobenus abesus),
sea lion (Zalophus caliifornianus) or seal (Callorhinus alascanus). All are
called walrus leather because, once processed, the skins are difficult to
distinguish. Walrus hides are thick, tough, and smooth. Due to the scarcity
of the animals at the end of the 20th century, most commercial walrus
leathers were imitations made from embossed and
grained sheepskins, goatskins, or cowhides.

Walrus leather

Shark leather
Shark leather is world known for its rough, course texture. In the coarser
developments of shark skin, it has been used like sandpaper for polishing.
However, the finer tanned shark skins are used for shoes, handbags, and
other leather items. Highly sought after, these skins are by-products from
fishing villages and international cuisine.
All of our leather is coming from non-endangered and non-threatened
shark species and no CITES is required. Currently, we’re offering black fin
species in 1 to 4 oz thickness in a rough or soft-tanned presentation.

Shark leather

Human leather
Human leather is made from real full thickness human skin. Just like
animal leather products, produced from lesser animals, our raw human
skin is transformed into the finest grade human leather by using a
traditional tanning process. However, human leather is the finest grain
leather that is obtainable. It is free from defects and has the smallest
grain size which makes it the smoothest, softest leather on Earth.

Human leather

Tilapia fish leather

Chicken leather

Some other animal sources used for leather include boar, elk, donkey,
ox, whale, and yak.
Whale Donkey
Other sources of leather

Ox Yak

Elk
Boar

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Presented by:
S. M. Murshidur Rahman
Department of Leather Engineering,
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh.
Email: murshidurkhulnabd@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/murshidur.rahman.5203
https://www.linkedin.com/in/murshidur-rahman-206850124
https://twitter.com/Murshidur6

Source of leather

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