The document summarizes the components and functioning of a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS). It discusses the key components that measure pollutants like sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and particulate concentration. The measuring components use principles like infrared spectroscopy and fuel cell reactions. It also describes the gas analyzing systems, particulate monitoring probes, maintenance of standard gases, and other aspects of CEMS to continuously monitor industrial emissions.

1. CONTINUOUS EMMISSION
MONITORING SYSTEM
(CEMS)
By
Sunil Nannamuri

2. Contents
• Environmental Policy
• Measuring components & principles
• Components of gas analyzing system
• Analyzing cycle
• Dust monitoring
• Maintenance of standard gas

3. Measuring Components
• Sulphur Di-oxide
• Carbon Monoxide
• Oxygen
• Nitrous oxide
• Particulate concentration
• Gas flow rate
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Humidity

4. Components of Gas analyzing System
Test gas

5. Pictures of gas analyzer
components

6. Probe & Purging arrangement

7. Key to gas path figures
1. Inlet for sample gas/
calibration gas
2. Gas outlet
3. Inlet for AUTOCAL/zero gas or
Inlet for sample gas/ adjusting
gas (channel 2)
4. Gas outlet (channel 2)
5. Enclosure flushing
6. Atmospheric pressure sensor
7. Inlet/chopper compartment
flushing
8. Condensation trap with filter
9. Safety fine filter
10. Solenoid valve
11. Sample gas pump
12. Pressure switch
13. Flow meter
14. Infrared measuring cell
15. Safety condensate trap
16. Oxygen measuring cell
Internal structure of ULTRAMAT 23, 19“ unit without internal
sample gas pump, optional oxygen measurement

8. IR Measuring Principle
• An IR source (7) emits an infrared
radiation which is modulated with 8 1/3
Hz by a chopper (5). After passing the
sample cell (4), the intensity of the
radiation is measured by the detector
(11, 12).
• The represented detector is composed
of layers filled with the component to
be analyzed. The energy of the middles
of the IR bands of the measured gases
is mainly absorbed in the first layer. The
second layer absorbs the edge energy
which is tuned on high selectivity in the
third layer via an aperture.
• When passing through the layers the
radiation absorption results in different
pressure increases and so to a flow via
the capillary hole. The micro flow
sensor there generates a signal which is
nearly independent of interferences
from components at the band edges.

9. • "Fuel Cell" oxygen sensor that consists
of a diffusion barrier, a sensing
electrode (cathode) made of a noble
metal such as gold or platinum, and a
working electrode made of a base metal
such as lead or zinc immersed in a basic
electrolyte (such as a solution of
potassium hydroxide). Oxygen diffusing
into the sensor is reduced to hydroxyl
ions at the cathode:
O2 + 2H2O + 4e- ----> OH-
Hydoxyl ions in turn oxidize the lead (or
zinc) anode:
2Pb + 4OH ----> 2PbO + 2H2O +4e-
This yields an overall cell reaction of:
2Pb + O2 ----> 2PbO
O2 Measuring Principle

10. Standard Gas Certificates

12. Particulate Monitoring
• CPM700 Series(750)
• Transmitter type LED
• Optimum sensor location is a minimum of 4
duct diameters from fans, elbows, turning
vanes, air inlets, or other obstructions that
would cause non-laminar flow.
• Measure particle flow with a beam of visible
light through which the particles travel.
• The light source is an LED with a wavelength
of 660 nm. The movement of particles
through this beam causes a rapid variation
in the received light intensity.

13. Typical arrangement of CPM

14. Transmitter/Receiver Heads Alignment Procedure
• Open the receiver enclosure.
• Turn SW3 to position 3. The window value displayed on the analog meter will offer a relative
indication of the received signal strength and alignment.
Align Transmitter
• Slightly loosen the transmitter mounting bolts.
• Slowly move the transmitter head until the highest possible window value is achieved.
• Tighten the transmitter mounting bolts.
Align Receiver
• Slightly loosen the receiver mounting bolts.
• Slowly move the receiver head until the highest possible window value is achieved.
• Tighten the receiver mounting bolts.
Final
• Reset the window value.
• Close the receiver enclosure.

15. CY Series Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer
• Zirconia is a sound conductor for oxygen ions at temperatures in excess of 600 0C.
• If inner and outer temperature of zirconia thimble is higher than 700, its inner and ℃outer wall is exposed
to gas with different voltage of the oxygen ions, therefore, zirconia thimble is becoming an oxygen
concentration differential battery, following reaction take place at two platinum electrode.
• At electrode of air side (reference side):
O2+4e→2O2-
• At electrode of low oxygen side (measured side):
2O2-→O2+4e

16. Probe mounting

17. Thank U