plant improvement against abiotic stress through mutation breeding

1. Mutation Breeding For Abiotic Stress
NWARA IFTIKHAR
2018-AG-3571
SEMESTER 3RD
M.PHILL (BOTANY)
SUPERVISOR: DR. AMIR SHAKEEL
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2. Outline
 Introduction
 Mutation, Its Types, Mutagens and Mutagenesis
 History of Mutation
 Sources of Mutation
 Genetic variation through Mutation
 Achievements through Mutation Breeding for abiotic stresses
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3. Introduction
 Mutation
 Mutagenesis
The process whereby sudden heritable changes occur in the
genetic information of an organism not caused by genetic
segregation or genetic recombination, but induced by chemical,
physical or biological agents. (Roychowdhury and Tah, 2013)
 Mutation breeding employs three types of mutagenesis.
1. Induced mutagenesis
2. Site-directed mutagenesis
3. Insertion mutagenesis
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4. Types of Mutation
Based on change in genotype and phenotype, mutation is of
two types, Point mutation and Frameshift mutation.
 Point mutation
 Frameshift mutation
 Insertion
 Deletion
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5. History of Mutation
 Traced back to 300 BC with reports of mutant crops in China. (Kharkwal, 2012; Van
Harten, 1998)
 First identified by “Hugo de Vries” in the late nineteenth century (Kharkwal, 2012)
 The first commercial mutant variety was produced in tobacco in 1934.
 Prior to 1995, 77 cultivars were developed via mutagenesis. (Acquaah, 2006)
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6. Sources of Mutations:
Mutation induction continues to contribute to crop improvement, using physical
mutagens such as:
1. Gamma rays,
2. X-rays,
3. Fast neutron, and
4. Chemical mutagens such as ethyl-methane-sulfonate (EMS)
5. Sodium azide
(IAEA 2009)

7. Genetic variation through Mutation
 It is well known that evolution and practical breeding depend on genetic variation.
 Mutations are the primary source of all genetic variations existing in any organism,
including plants againt abiotic stresses. (Kharkwal, 2012)
 Spontaneous mutations are very rare, random in terms of time of occurrence and takes time.
 Then, we moved towards induce mutation to do work in short time.
(Lonnig, 2005).
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8. Procedure Of Mutation
 The first step is to identify suitable genotypes (Yusuff et al., 2016)
 Application of Mutagen
 Selection for agronomic traits is done in the first generation, whereby
most mutant lines may be discarded.
 The agronomic traits are confirmed in the second and third generations
through evident phenotypic stability, while other evaluations are
carried out in the subsequent generations. (Yusuff et al., 2016)
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9. Conti…
 Lines with desirable traits are selected as a new variety or as a parent line
for cross breeding. (Yusuff et al., 2016)
 The key point in mutation breeding is the process of identifying
individuals with a target mutation, which involves two major steps:
mutant screening and mutant confirmation. (Forster and Shu, 2012)
 Mutant screening
 Mutant confirmation
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10. Achievements through Mutation Breeding
for Abiotic stresses
New varieties derived by induced mutagenesis against abiotic stresses
are used worldwide:
 Rice in Bangladesh e.g. BINA against salt stress
 Barley in Peru and European nations.
 Soya bean in Vietnam and China.
 Wheat in China against drought.
 Leguminous food crops in Pakistan and India. (Yusuff et al., 2016)
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11. Achievements through Mutation Breeding for Abiotic Stress
Worldwide Leading varieties obtained by mutation breeding are as following:
Chickpea In India:
Kiran ( Salinity tolerance )
Pusa-547 ( Salinity tolerance )
Chickpea In Turkey:
TAEK-SAGEL ( Salinity tolerance )
Sanjeev Kumar et al. 2019
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12. Achievements through Mutation Breeding for Abiotic Stress
Leading rice varieties obtained by mutation breeding in Pakistan are as following:
 Shadab (Salt tolerant)
 Sarshar (Tolerant to Shattering)
 Shua-92 (Salt tolerant)
 NIAB-IRRI-9 (Salt tolerant) (NIA,2007)
Leading Cotton varieties obtained by mutation breeding in Pakistan are as following:
 NIAB-111 (Heat tolerant)
 NIAB-846 (Heat tolerant)
 NIAB-999 (Heat tolerant) (NIAB)
Leading Tomato lines by mutation breeding in Pakistan are as following:
 TMS-1, TMS-2, TMS-3 (Heat Tolerant) (NIAB)
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13. Applications of Mutation Breeding
Applications of induced mutagenesis for abiotic stress resistance in plant breeding.
 Salinity tolerance in rice. (Gonzalez et al., 2009)
 Acidity and drought tolerance in Maize. (Lal and Tomer, 2009)
 Salinity tolerance in Sugarcane. (Suprasanna et al., 2009)
 Heat Tolerance in Cotton.
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14. Conclusion
Mutation breeding is efficient way to develop variation in plant
breeding and genetics which leads in development of many
combinations out of which some are tolerant to different abiotic
stresses.
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15. References
 Acquaah, G. 2006. Principles of plant genetics and breeding. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
 Ahloowalia, B.S. and M. Maluszynski. 2001. Induced mutations a new paradigm in plant
breeding. Euphytica. 118:167-73.
 Bughio, H.R., M.A. Asad and I.A. Odhano. 2007. Sustainable rice production through the use
of mutation breeding. Pakistan J Bot. 39:2457-02461.
 Chai, M., Y.W. Ho and K.W. Liew. 2004. Biotechnology and in vitro mutagenesis for banana
improvement. In: Jain, S.M., R. Swennen. editors. Banana improvement: cellular, molecular
biology, and induced mutatisons. Enfield (NH): Sci. Pub. Inc. 59-77.
 Chen, X., X. Liu and D. Wu. 2006. Recent progress of rice mutation breeding and germplasm
enhancement in China. Plant Mutation Rep.1:4-6.
 Forster, B.P. and Q.Y. Shu. 2012. Plant mutagenesis in crop improvement: basic terms and
applications. In: Shu, Q.Y., B.P. Forster and H. Nakagawa. editors. Plant mutation breeding
and biotechnology. Wallingford: CABI. 9-20.
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16. References
 Fernandez-Martınez, J.M., B. Perez-Vich and L. Velasco. 2009. Mutation breeding for
oil quality improvement in sunflower. In: Shu, Q.Y. editor. Induced plant mutations in
the genomics era. Proceedings of an International Joint FAO/IAEA Symposium.
Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 177-181.
 Iqbal, R.M.S., M.B. Chaudhry and M. Aslam. 1991. Economic and agricultural impact
of mutation breeding in cotton in Pakistan a review. Plant mutation breeding for crop
improvement. Vol. 1. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 187-201.
 Kharkwal, M.C. 2012. A brief history of plant mutagenesis. In: Shu, Q.Y., B.P. Forster
and H. Nakagawa. editors. Plant mutation breeding and biotechnology. Wallingford:
CABI. 21-30.
 Kharkwal, M.C. and Q.Y. Shu. 2009. The role of induced mutations in world food
security. In: Shu, Q.Y., editor. Induced plant mutations in the genomics era. Rome:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 33-38.
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17. References
 Lal, J.P. and A.K. Tomer. 2009. Genetic enhancement of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) for drought tolerance
through induced mutations. In: Shu, Q.Y. editor. Induced plant mutations in the genomics era. Proceedings of an
International Joint FAO/IAEA Symposium. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 151-
154.
 Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, 2007.
 Nuclear institute of Agriculture and Biotechnology. (www.niab.org.pk)
 oychowdhury, R. and J. Tah. 2013. Mutagenesis a potential approach for crop improvement. In: Hakeem, K.R., P.
Ahmad, M. Ozturk. editors. Crop improvement: new approaches and modern techniques. New York (NY):
Springer. 149-187.
 Suprasanna, P., V.Y. Patade and E.R. Vaidya. 2009. Radiation induced in vitro mutagenesis, selection for salt
tolerance and characterization in sugarcane. In: Shu, Q.Y. editor. Induced plant mutations in the genomics era.
Proceedings of an International Joint FAO/IAEA Symposium. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations. 145-147.
 Yusuff, O., Y.R. Mohd, A. Norhani, H. Ghazali, R. Asfaliza, A.R. Harun, M. Gous and U. Magaji. 2016. Principle
and application of plant mutagenesis in crop improvement: a review, Biotechnology & Biotechnological
Equipment. 30:1-16.
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