A R E P O RT F R O M T H E A M E R I C A N AC A D E M Y.docx
HMP PPT
1. The Human Microbiome Project
Presented By-
Miss Mugdha Pramod Padhye
M. Sc. II Biotechnology
2. A Line of Approach towards HMP…
Background Information
Scientific Rationale
Goals & Objectives
Study Design Overview
Potential Risks & Benefits
Applications
4. The Microbiome
A microbiome is the totality of microbes, their genetic
elements (genomes), and environmental interactions in a
particular environment.
The term was coined by Joshua Lederberg.
Microbiomes are being characterized in many other
environments as well, including soil, seawater and
freshwater systems.
5. The Human Microbiome
The human body contains over
10 times more microbial cells
(near about 100 trillion cells)
than human cells.
But the entire microbiome
weighs only about 200 grams
(7.1 oz).
HM signifies the ecological
community of commensal,
symbiotic, and pathogenic
microorganisms that literally
share our body space.
7. Depiction of the bacteria that predominate human body
Source: Wikipedia
8. The Human Microbiome Project
The HMP was launched by National Institute of Health
(NIH), United States in 2008.
It is a 5 years project having total budget of about $115-
$150 million.
By mapping the normal microbial make-up of healthy
humans using genome sequencing techniques, the
researchers of the HMP have created a reference database
and the boundaries of normal microbial variation in
humans on 13th June 2012.
10. Broad determination of the
microbiota found in five
anatomical sites
Creation of baseline for discovery
of the core microbiota
Assessment of the changes in the
complement of microbiota
found on or within diseased
individuals
13. Goals of HMP
To develop a reference set of microbial genome
sequences and to perform preliminary characterization of
the human microbiome.
To explore the relationship between disease and changes
in the human microbiome.
To explore the interface between our evolving cultures,
technologies and our microbial ecology.
To establish a resource repository.
16. Steps involved…
Selection of subjects
Pre-enrollment screening of subjects
Baseline sampling
Resampling
Specimen collection & coding
Isolation & sequencing of microbial DNA
Human DNA extraction
Cryopreservation of lymphocytes
19. Risks
Physical risks (harm or discomfort) during sample
collection.
The nature of the information collected from subjects
may involve risk to their privacy.
20. Benefits
The subjects will receive a medical evaluation by health
care professionals.
Study of healthy & diseased humans has become easier.
Subjects will be compensated for their time and effort.
The subjects will be part of a groundbreaking biological
study that will help researchers around the world.
The general public gain knowledge and understand more
about the human microbiome and how it relates to health
and diseases.
22. Applications
Study of evolution of human microbiome over varying
time scales as a function of our changing diets, lifestyle
& biosphere.
Analyses of diversity.
Identification of factors distinguishing the microbiota of
healthy and diseased human body.
Provision of a database of information that will serve as
a reference for future studies.
23. Continued…
Relation of human microbiome with-
1. Unexplained fever in 3-5 years old children
2. A shift to less species diversity in vaginal microbiome
of pregnant women
3. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
4. Type I Diabetes
5. Psoriasis
6. Obesity
24. References
Wellingtonc et. al. The Human Microbiome Project –
NIH Core Microbiome Sampling Protocol A (2009).
Turnbaugh P. J. et al. The Human Microbiome Project.
Nature 449, 804-810 (2007).
Gill, S. R. et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human
distal gut microbiome. Science 312,1355–1359 (2006).
http://www.hmpdacc.org/
https://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/
