age gender and disability

1. Ideas of
Representation
By Molly Oven

2. Gender
http://www.academia.edu/2282271/Sex_Gender_and_the_Media_From_Sex_Roles_to_Social_Construction_and_Beyond
http://imlportfolio.usc.edu/ctcs505/mulveyVisualPleasureNarrativeCinema.pdf
• In 1978 GAYE TUCHMAN invented the concept of
the "symbolic annihilation." She blamed media for
imposing a negative vision of active women and
making an apologia of housewives. She feared that
stereotypes would discourage young women viewers
from having professional ambitions, which are
essential for the American economy.
• "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" was the
subject of much interdisciplinary discussion among
film theorists that continued into the mid 1980s.
Critics of the article pointed out that LAURA
MULVEY’S argument implies the impossibility of the
enjoyment of classical Hollywood cinema by women,
and that her argument did not seem to take into
account spectatorship not organised along normative
gender lines.

3. Gender
Carol Clover
• Horror genres seem to offer sadistic
pleasure to their viewers, and not
much else. CAROL CLOVER,
however, argued the reverse; that
these films are designed to align
spectators not with the male
tormentor, but with the female
tormented; with the suffering, pain,
and anguish that the "final girl," as
Clover calls the victim-hero, endures
before rising, finally, to vanquish her
oppressor.
David Gauntlett
• DAVID GAUNTLETT considers why
it’s useful to examine the interaction
of media, gender and identity, noting
past inequality between men and
women, ideas of masculinity and
femininity and growing acceptance of
lesbians, gay men and bisexuals.
Gauntlett finds some progress over
time, but mostly stereotypical
depictions of femininity and strong,
often heroic depictions of masculinity.
http://press.princeton.edu/titles/4982.html
http://frankmichaelrussell.typepad.com/frank-michael-russell/2010/01/book-critique-media-gender-and-identity-an-introduction-2nd-edition-david-gauntlett.html

4. Disability
http://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/files/library/Shakespeare-social-model-of-disability.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/intro2ds/Readings/32_Longmore-screening.pdf
• In this challenging review of the field, leading disability academic and
activist TOM SHAKESPEARE argues that the social model theory
has reached a dead end. Drawing on a critical realist perspective,
Shakespeare promotes a pluralist, engaged and nuanced approach
to disability. Shakespeare believes that society tries to ignore
disability’s existence and tries to avoid the fear and anxiety that
disability gives rise to.
• Whether writing about the contemporary political activists, or media
representations of people with disabilities, PAUL K. LONGMORE
demonstrates that the search for heroes is a key part of the
continuing struggle of disabled people to gain a voice and to shape
their destinies. Longmore says that disabled people are seen as
dependant, maladjusted or even evil. Understanding disability as a
major variety of human experience, he urges us to establish it as a
category of social, political, and historical analysis in much the same
way that race, gender, and class already have been.

5. Age
Co-writing the book ‘Social Theory,
Social Policy and Ageing: A Critical
Introduction’, SIMON BIGGS’ theory
believes that middle aged and older
characters dominate the UK soaps. He
also says that sitcoms show the elderly
people to in a negative light. In the book
Biggs wrote perspectives on ageing,
ethics and the way the environment
affects different people, successful and
productive ageing, globalization and
migration and the politics of ageing. The
work ends with social theory, social
policy and social change.
The book ‘Subculture, the meaning of
style’ was written by DICK HEBDIGE.
Hebdige’s theory is that the media
reinforces the idea that age differences
are natural and that they legitimise the
way society deals with the young and
the old. He declares that the media
discover the subcultural groups which
causes them to lose its rebellious edge
which turns them into another
commercial consumer. In addition,
Hebdige believed that we live in a world
obsessed with subculture and the media
portrays different culture groups which
make people want to be different even
http://www.mheducation.co.uk/ more.
http://www.stevenlaurie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Hebdige_subculture.pdf