uma sakaran chapter 1

1. Research Methodology
Introduction

2. Research Meaning
• Common parlance refers to “search for knowledge”.
• Scientific and systematic search for relevant information on
specific topic.
Scientific : conforming with the principles or methods used in
science (a scientific approach)
Systematic: Carried on using step-by-step procedures.
• Advance Lerner Dictionary: Careful investigation or inquiry
specially through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge.

3. • “systematic method consist of enunciating the problem, formulating a
hypothesis, collecting data, analysis of data, and reaching certain
conclusion either in the form of solution towards concerned problem”
• “Research is organized, systematic, data base, critical, objective, scientific
inquiry or investigation into specific problem, undertaken with the purpose
to finding answer or solution to it. ”
Organized: Functioning within a formal structure, as in the coordination and
direction of activities
Systematic: Carried on using step-by-step procedures.
Data- base: A collection of data
Critical: Characterized by careful, exact evaluation and judgment.
Objective: undistorted (Without alterations) by emotion or personal bias;
based on observable phenomena
• Careful analysis of data gathered
• Data gathered First hand or second hand
• Data regarding qualitative or quantitative.

5. Business Research
• Systematic and organized effort to investigate
a specific problem encountered in the work
setting.
Steps The Manager Follow
• Where the problem area exist in the organization.
• Identify clearly, that need to be study.
• Gathered information
• Analyze the data
• Determine factors
• Taking necessary corrective steps.

6. Types of Research
Applied & Fundamental (Basic or Pure) Research
• A research done with the intention of applying the result
of findings to solve specific problems currently being
experienced in an organization.
• Research that carried out to increase understanding of
fundamental principles..how this world operates, what
makes things happen, why social relations are a certain
way, and why society changes. Used to formulate and
generalize the theory. (concern to natural phenomena or
relating to pure mathematics ). Research about trends
Qualitative & Quantitative Research
• Quantitative research is based on the measurement of
quantity.
• Qualitative research is based on the qualitative
phenomena.(Human Behavior).

7. Manager and Research
• Not doing research but having knowledge about research.
• You will have to understand, predict and control events that
dysfunctional to organization.
• How these events can be controlled
• Manager is not a researcher.
• Needs Organizations are complex
• Help manager, would sense, spot and deal problem before
get out of hand.
• Process should help manager.
• Manager  Minor problems and Outsider Major
problems.
• Business journals  Sifting (To examine and sort carefully)

8. • Important for application for scientific
journals.
• He can implement such information which the
research suggest for business.
• Manager can handle with success their own
problems at considerable cost saving method.
1. Sharpness the manager to the myriad
Variables.
2. Calculated risk
3. Vested interest inside and outside will not be
able to prevail.

9. Manager and Consultant-- Researcher
• If more complex or time consuming problems.
How to Locate & select Researcher ?
• Internet
• Directory
• Require credentials
• Projects
• Experience

10. Manager-- Researcher Relationship
• Necessary to deal with consultants.
• Academicians
• Manager use academics information Scientific
information.
• Outside researcher
• Interaction will be effective
• Inform researcher about information (No record)
• Easily foresee the information that researcher
require.

11. Internal Consultants
Advantages
• Accepted by employees
• Less time to understand the structure.
• Easy to implement their recommendation.
• Less cost in term of time
Disadvantages
• Stereotyping way of looking
• Conceal, distort or misinterpret the information.
• Not perceived as experts
• Sometime make the findings less objective and less
scientific.

12. External Consultants
Advantages
• Wealth of experience
• Think both contingently and divergently
• More knowledge through periodic training
program.
Disadvantages
• Cost of hiring external consultant is high.
• Cost in term of time
• Charge extra fees