Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs
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Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs
- 1. • Bipolar (I & II) • Major Depression • Generalized Anxiety • Schizophrenia • Borderline Personality Disorder • Histrionic Personality Disorder • Conversion Disorder • Why homosexuality is not considered a mental disorder • Addiction • Anorexia • Bulimia • Body Dysmorphic Disorder • Claustrophobia • Conduct Disorder • Kleptomania • Munchausen's syndrome by proxy • Narcissistic Personality Disorder • OCD • PICA • PTSD • Paranoid Personality Disorder • Reactive Attachment Disorder • Trichotillomania
- 2. Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs WEEK FOUR
- 3. Consciousness A persons awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior Let’s watch a video! Waking Consciousness: state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert Altered state of consciousness: the state in which there is a shift in the quality of or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness
- 4. How much do you sleep? No, seriously. How much do you sleep?
- 5. Why do we sleep? Adaptive theory People evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active Restorative theory Necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cell damage
- 6. REM & Non-REM REM sleep is the stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically having a dream. You don’t move much during this stage of sleep. Non-REM sleep is much deeper, more restful. You move around more (like kicking your partner in bed)
- 7. Waves! Beta waves: smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity Alpha waves: brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep Theta waves: brain waves indicating the early stage of sleep Delta waves: long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep
- 8. Stages of sleep Non-REM Stage 1: light sleep Non-REM Stage 2: sleep spindles, your body temperature drops, brief bursts of activity lasting only a second or two Non-REM Stage 3 & 4: delta waves roll in and the body is at its lowest level of functioning You can guess which is the toughest to wake up from… Deep sleep is also when the body grows, which is why kids are tougher to wake up, their tiny bodies are hard at work!
- 9. Sleep disorders Nightmares: bad dreams occurring in REM sleep REM behavior disorder: a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscle fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares Sleepwalking: occurring during sleep, an episode of moving or walking around during ones sleep Night terrors: relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully
- 10. Sleep disorders Insomnia: the inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or have good quality of sleep Sleep apnea: disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more Narcolepsy: sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning
- 11. Dreams Why do people dream and what do they dream about? Freud: dreams are wish fulfillment. Freudian psychology implies problems of patients stem from conflicts and events that have been buried in their “unconscious” mind since childhood. Manifest content: actual content of the dream itself Latent content: the hidden meaning of the dream is expressed in symbols
- 12. More about dreams Activation-synthesis hypothesis: a dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep. It comes from not from the outside world but within people’s memories and experiences of the past Activation-information-mode model: revised version from above in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
- 13. Hypnosis The state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion
- 14. Steps in hypnotic induction 1. The hypnotist tells the person to focus on what is being said 2. The person is told to relax and feel tired 3. The hypnotist tells the person to “let go” and accept suggestions easily 4. The person is told to use vivid imagination • The key to hypnosis is a willing participant • 80% of the population is able to be hypnotized • & only 40% of those are good candidates
- 18. There is nothing more helpless and irresponsible than a man in the depths of an ether binge.
- 19. Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive drugs: drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory Physical dependence: condition occurring when a persons body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug Withdrawal: physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems
- 20. Dependence Physical dependence Physical symptoms Can cause medical complications Drug therapy can be provided Psychological dependence Fulfills a feeling or continued feeling Provided emotional relief from unpleasant feelings Positive reinforcement May accompany physical dependence but will also need psychotherapy to treat Often group therapy
- 21. Stimulants DRUGS THAT INCREASE THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- 22. Amphetamines Stimulants that are synthesized, made in labs (Breaking Bad anyone?) rather than being found in nature Causing the CNS to go into overdrive Don’t provide extra energy but causes the person to burn up whatever energy they have left Typically a “crash” happens, tendency to want more Quick to develop a tolerance, needing more and more Amphetamine psychosis causes delusions, paranoia, strokes, and several other medical conditions
- 23. Cocaine Natural drug found in coca plant leaves Feelings of euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure At one time very popular with medical professionals as it deadens pain Incredibly addictive, happens very fast Convulsions can happen even at first use Crack cocaine is a cheaper version and is said to be more addictive than cocaine Three major signs of physical dependence Compulsive: if it is available the addict will have to use it Loss of control: people cannot stop using until its gone or they’ve exhausted themselves or their resources Disregard for the consequences of use: addicts will lie, cheat, steal, and ignore the negative consequences of their actions of their daily life in order to get the drug
- 24. Nicotine A relatively mild, but toxic stimulant Slight rush, raises blood pressure and accelerates the heart as well as providing a rush of sugar into the bloodstream by stimulating the release of adrenalin Difficult to quit but many OTC options for cessation Physical effects can be intense but pose a lower risk of serious medical issues than many other drugs 40% of Americans smoked in the 1960s, only 25% now
- 25. Caffeine A mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, and several other plant based substances Found in 60 types of plants Maintain alertness Increases effectiveness of pain pills Very common Lets look at a chart!
- 27. Depressants DRUGS THAT DECREASE THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- 28. Barbiturates or the Major Tranquilizers Drugs that have a sedative (sleep-inducing effect) Effects can range from mild sedation to unconsciousness or coma Overdoses cause your breathing and heart to stop Addicted easily and quickly Withdrawal can be life-threatening due to convulsions or seizures Most dangerous use is with alcohol (Heath Ledger died of an overdose [ruled an accidental drug interaction] with SIX different depressant drugs in this system. He was 28 years old)
- 29. Benzodiazepines Minor tranquilizers Used to lower anxiety and reduce stress Considered safer than barbiturates and are now the drug of choice to treat sleep issues, anxiety, and “nervousness” (the book actually says this. Might as well say “the vapors” #getwithit) Can be addictive and have physical withdrawal symptoms Xanax, valium, Ativan, and rohypnol (“the date rape drug”)
- 30. Alcohol
- 31. Alcohol Most commonly used and abused drug Estimated 10 to 20 MILLION people in the USA are alcoholics This simple test is surprisingly accurate. Answer yes or no to each question. Have you ever thought you should Cut down your drinking? Have you ever felt Annoyed when people have commented on your drinking? Have you ever felt Guilty or badly about your drinking? Have you ever had an Eye opener first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover?
- 32. Narcotics PAIN KILLERS, SUPPRESS THE SENSATION OF PAIN BY BINDING TO AND STIMULATING THE NERVOUS SYSTEMS NATURAL RECEPTOR SITES FOR ENDORPHINS
- 33. Opium Substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotic drugs are derived Known drug for 2,000 years Basis of morphine
- 34. Morphine Narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain Dissolved opium in acid and then neutralized with ammonia Thought at one time to be a “wonder drug” Used only in short periods of time now I have patients with morphine pumps…let me tell you more.
- 35. Heroin Narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addicted Thought at one time to be a purer form of morphine and had less side effects Incredibly addictive, often at first use Drug therapies used to treat physical withdrawal such as methadone Many people who die of heroin “overdoses” actually are deaths from “bad” heroin
- 37. Hallucinogens DRUGS THAT CAUSE FALSE SENSORY MESSAGES, ALTERING THE PERCEPTION OF REALITY
- 38. LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide Synthesized from grains One of the most potent and powerful hallucinogens Some people believe it helps expand their consciousness or awareness of the world Colors seem brighter and sensations are much more intense
- 39. PCP Phencyclidine Used only In veterinary medicine because it is so powerful Depending on the dosage it can be a hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant, or an analgesic (pain killing) Acts of violence Immense strength They feel no signal of pain so people often hurt themselves
- 40. MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly) Synthetic drug Capable of producing hallucinogens It is now classified as a stimulatory hallucinogenic which are drugs that produce a psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects Raise body temp, can cause dehydration Common in the rave scene Very dangerous to mix with alcohol
- 41. Nonmanufactured Highs Mescaline Natural hallucinogen derived from peyote cactus buttons Long been a part of Native American rituals Lasts longer than LSD Psilocybin Natural hallucinogen found in mushrooms “magic mushrooms” Neither of these drugs are addictive physically
- 42. Marijuana The most commonly used hallucinogenic drug Legal in several states for recreational use, legal for medicinal use in almost all 50 states. Remains illegal under the federal government Psychoactive portion is called THC Derived from a particular type of hemp plant
Editor's Notes
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jReX7qKU2yc http://study.com/academy/lesson/intro-to-states-of-consciousness.html
- Boys are always like ovens to sleep with How large is your sleep debt?
- Dreams As we come closer to wakefulness during these cycles, we are able to experience the random firings of neural restoration, just as we would of perceptual events if we were awake. And sometimes, we remember the experiences well enough to relate them to our friends. It has been an idea for a very long time that dreams have special meaning. Freud, of course, made this a centerpiece for his therapy. He distinguished between the manifest content (the apparent or surface meaning) and the latent content (the deeper, symbolic meaning), and he believed that a psychiatrist could interpret dreams to discover a patient's deepest needs and concerns, ones that would be too uncomfortable to confront, even in one's dreams! Carl Jung went even further, and suggested that dreams involve patterns of thought we inherited from our ancestors, which he called archetypes. These archetypes - including "mother", "father", "child", "hero", "maiden", "shadow", "the wise old man", and so on - are also seen in mythology, religion, art, fairy tales, novels, movies, and so on. A good example of a movie that uses Jungian archetypes is Star Wars. Over the last century, though, we have become quite skeptical of these ideas. I am basically skeptical, and sometimes refer to dreams as “brain poop,” also known in more professional circles as day residue. But, I would add that dreams often seem to center around our "issues" -- and thereby can provide us with some clues as to what those issues are. If one dreams about anxiety-provoking things, it seems reasonable to assume that you are suffering from anxiety. If there are certain scenarios in your dreams that cause you that anxiety, perhaps those are issues for you. I, for example, frequently dream about being criticized or evaluated or humiliated in front of an audience. That certainly makes sense for me as a professor. I also dream quite a bit about moving from one house to another. Although I have lived in my present home for over 30 years, as a kid I moved frequently. So my dreams make sense, not only as day residue, but as indicators of my psychological history.
- Hypnotic susceptibility measures how easily a person can be hypnotized. Several types of scales are used; however, the most common are the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales. The Harvard Group Scale (HGSS), as the name implies, is administered predominantly to large groups of people while the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS) is administered to individuals. No scale can be seen as completely reliable due to the nature of hypnosis. It has been argued that no person can be hypnotized if they do not want to be; therefore, a person who scores very low may not want to be hypnotized, making the actual test score averages lower than they otherwise would be.
- Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgeY0IXaVMk Hunter Stockton Thompson (July 18, 1937 – February 20, 2005) was an American journalist and author, and the founder of the gonzo journalism movement. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, to a middle-class family, Thompson had a turbulent youth after the death of his father left the family in poverty. He was unable to formally finish high school as he was incarcerated for 60 days after abetting a robbery. He subsequently joined the United States Air Force before moving into journalism. He traveled frequently, including stints in California, Puerto Rico, and Brazil, before settling in Aspen, Colorado, in the early 1960s. Thompson became internationally known with the publication of Hell's Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (1967). For his research on the book he had spent a year living and riding with the Angels, experiencing their lives and hearing their stories first-hand. Previously a relatively conventional journalist, with the publication in 1970 of "The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved" he became a counter cultural figure, with his own brand of New Journalism which he termed "Gonzo", an experimental style of journalism where reporters involve themselves in the action to such a degree that they become central figures of their stories. The work he remains best known for, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream (1971), constitutes a rumination on the failure of the 1960s counterculture movement. It was first serialized in Rolling Stone, a magazine with which Thompson would be long associated, and was released as a film starring Johnny Depp and directed by Terry Gilliam in 1998. Politically minded, Thompson ran unsuccessfully for sheriff of Pitkin County, Colorado, in 1970, on the Freak Power ticket. He became well known for his inveterate hatred of Richard Nixon, whom he claimed represented "that dark, venal, and incurably violent side of the American character"[1] and whom he characterized in Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72. Thompson's output notably declined from the mid-1970s, as he struggled with the consequences of fame, and he complained that he could no longer merely report on events as he was too easily recognized. He was also known for his lifelong use of alcohol and illegal drugs, his love of firearms, and his iconoclastic contempt for authoritarianism. He remarked: "I hate to advocate drugs, alcohol, violence, or insanity to anyone, but they've always worked for me." While suffering a bout of health problems, Thompson committed suicide at the age of 67. Per his wishes, his ashes were fired out of a cannon in a ceremony funded by his friend Johnny Depp and attended by a host of friends including then Senator John Kerry and Jack Nicholson. Hari Kunzru wrote that, "the true voice of Thompson is revealed to be that of American moralist ... one who often makes himself ugly to expose the ugliness he sees around him."[2]
- CAGE TEST
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaFlJhYtR6U Does the mental health coordinator have the best opinion? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zN9NDZ6lgaM Methadone clinic progression
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9mR0zxytmw Sean clip from slc punk
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnwrLoOMcWg