This is not the perfect presentation but can be used for overview presentation for seminar presentation in colleges

1. Synchronous Machine
A
Seminar Presentation
On
Presented To Presented By
Mohit Kalal

2. Index to talk about
1. Introduction of a synchronous machine
2. Construction
3. Types of Synchronous Machines
4. Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator
5. Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generator
6. Operation Principle
7. Synchronous Motors
8. Operation Principle
9. Application of Synchronous Motors
10. Advantages
11. Future Scope

3. Synchronous Machine
Synchronous generators or alternators are used to convert mechanical power derived
from steam, gas, or hydraulic-turbine to ac electric power.
● Synchronous generators are the primary source of electrical energy we consume
today
● Large ac electric power networks rely almost exclusively on synchronous
generators
● Synchronous motors are built in large units compare to induction motors
(Induction motors are cheaper for smaller ratings) and used for constant speed
industrial drives.

4. Construction
The manner in which the active parts of a synchronous machine are cooled determines its overall physical size
and structure
Basic parts of a synchronous generator:
● Rotor - dc excited winding
● Stator - 3-phase winding in which the ac emf is generated

5. ● Salient-pole synchronous machine
● Cylindrical or round-rotor synchronous machine
Types of Synchronous Machines

6. Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator
● Most hydraulic turbines have to turn at low speeds (between 50 and 300 rpm)
● A large number of poles are required on the rotor

7. Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator

8. Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generator

9. Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generator

10. Operation Principle

11. Electrical Frequency

12. Generated Voltage

13. Synchronous Motors
● A synchronous motor is the same physical machine as a generator, except that the direction of real power
flow is reversed.
● Synchronous motors are used to convert electric power to mechanical power.

14. Operation Principle
The field current of a synchronous motor produces a steady-state magnetic field
A three-phase set of voltages is applied to the stator windings of the motor, which produces a three-phase
current flow in the windings. This three-phase set of currents in the armature winding produces a uniform
rotating magnetic
field of Bs.
Therefore, there are two magnetic fields present in the machine, and the rotor field will tend to line up with the
stator field, just as two bar magnets will tend to line up if placed near each other.
Since the stator magnetic field is rotating, the rotor magnetic field (and the rotor itself) will try to catch up
The larger the angle between the two magnetic fields (up to certain maximum), the greater the torque on the
rotor of the machine

15. Application of Synchronous Motors
Synchronous motors are usually used in large sizes because in small sizes they are costlier as compared with
induction machines.
● Synchronous motors find applications in all industrial applications where constant speed is necessary.
● Improving the power factor as Synchronous condensers.
● Electrical power plants almost always use synchronous generators because it is important to keep the
frequency constant at which the generator is connected.
● Low power applications include positioning machines, where high precision is required, and robot
actuators.

16. Advantages
Synchronous motors have the following advantages over non-synchronous motors:
● Speed is independent of the load, provided an adequate field current is applied.
● Accurate control in speed and position using open loop controls, e.g. stepper
motors.
● They will hold their position when a DC current is applied to both the stator and
the rotor windings.
● Power factor of synchronous machine can be controlled very easily by controlling
the field current.

17. Future Scope
Research is a continuous process. An end of a research
project is a beginning to a lot of other avenues for future
work. Following aspects are identified for future
research work in this area –
The industrial loads considered in the present work are
varying continuously with respect to time. Hence the
design of efficiency optimization controllers with less
convergence time will be useful to operate such drives
with good dynamic performances. Further work can be
focused to minimize convergence time in hybrid optimal
energy controller

18. References:-
● Principles of Power Systems by V.K. Mehta
● Electrical Power Systems by C.L. Wadhwa
● https://www.electrical4u.com/
● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_machine.