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Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization of Common Mode Features of a 3-phase full-bridge Inverter Using Frequency Domain Approaches Behshad Mohebali Committee members: Dr. Chris Edrington (chair), Dr. Mischa Steurer, Dr. Lukas Graber, Dr. Helen Li Florida State University Department of Electrical Engineering February 26, 2016
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Outline 1 Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement 2 Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform 3 Results 4 Conclusion 5 Future work 6 References
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Introduction
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode?
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? 2/23/2016 I1 I2 V1P V2P + + _ _ P
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? 2/23/2016 I1 I2 V1P V2P + + _ _ P iCM = i1 + i2 (1) iDM = 1 2 (i1 − i2) (2) vCM = 1 2 (V1P + V2P ) (3) vDM = V1P − V2P (4)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) Significant Contributors 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) Significant Contributors Common mode loop impedance: System impedances, Ground connections, The ground path 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) Significant Contributors Common mode loop impedance: System impedances, Ground connections, The ground path Sources: PEDs2 high frequency switching, External sources of EMI 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911 2 Power Electronic Devices
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode paths All-Electric Ship Power System
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode paths All-Electric Ship Power System 7 Concentrated and Distributed Models Concentrated Models Distributed Models Cable Shield to Ship hull G Generator 4-port AC cable ≥ 6-port ~ = Rectifier 6-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = = DC-DC converter 5-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = ~ Inverter 6-port M Motor 4-port Ship hull ≥ 5-port Super ground (e.g. sea water, port connection)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode paths All-Electric Ship Power System 7 Concentrated and Distributed Models G Generator 4-port AC cable ≥ 6-port ~ = Rectifier 6-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = = DC-DC converter 5-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = ~ Inverter 6-port M Motor 4-port Ship hull ≥ 5-port Super ground (e.g. sea water, port connection) G MMMMMM Common mode current path Common mode loop impedance: System impedances, Parasitic coupling to ground, the ground path (such as ship hull)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system Ship hull characteristics 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system Ship hull characteristics High frequency features of System components (distributed or concentrated) 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system Ship hull characteristics High frequency features of System components (distributed or concentrated) The effect of PEDs 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters S-parameters: A way to describe electrical behavior of LTI networks.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters S-parameters: A way to describe electrical behavior of LTI networks. Is the relation between the reflecting and incident waves at the ports of the network. iomar Infante, Michael Steurer Advanced Power Systems ida State University lahassee, FL, USA William W. Brey National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA ysis of transients in shipboard power r future all-electric ships to achieve long ents. In order to accomplish results with ommended to validate cable models as nfluence to amplitude and oscillation transients. The authors propose and measurement using scattering e easily obtained from measurement and r broadband information about the The measurement can be performed by work analyzer. The process to extract rom simulation models is explained in o different simulation models of a 5 kV ve been validated and compared. The s an efficient tool to quickly estimate the INTRODUCTION Systems ch project [1] studies the impact of emes of shipboard DC power systems. ent behavior of the DC bus voltage as a n of a prospective single rail-to-ground e transient behavior of the DC bus wide frequency range. It can be assumed that cables for power system application have purely linear characteristics. The scattering matrix S is defined by aSb rr ⋅= with a r being the incident and b r the reflected wave at all ports present. Figure 1 shows the circuit for a two-port network. U1 a1 ~ Z0 b1 U2 a2 ~ Z0 b2       = 2221 1211 ss ss S Linear, time-invariant two-port U1 a1 ~ Z0 b1 U2 a2 ~ Z0 b2       = 2221 1211 ss ss S Linear, time-invariant two-port Figure 1. Definition of scattering parameters of a linear, time-invariant two- port U1 and U2 are the voltage sources corresponding to port 1 and 2. Z0 is the source impedance which is in most cases 50 . For a two-port network S is a 2 × 2 matrix; a r and b r are two 2- dimensional vectors. The superposition principle for linear networks allows us to define the elements of the scattering matrix consisting of the four complex elements s11, s12, s21, and s22:  11 bb b1 b2 = s11 s12 s21 s22 . a1 a2 (3) ai = Vi + Z0Ii 2 √ Z0 = Incident wave (4) bi = Vi − Z0Ii 2 √ Z0 = Reflected wave (5)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) Why we chose S-parameters 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) Why we chose S-parameters Instruments have higher frequency range of measurement. 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) Why we chose S-parameters Instruments have higher frequency range of measurement. Convenient characterization of multiport networks compared to impedance analyzers 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Cables5 Easy to characterize and model 5 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Cables5 Easy to characterize and model Crucial to overall parasitic coupling and the transients of the system 5 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Cables5 Easy to characterize and model Crucial to overall parasitic coupling and the transients of the systemAfter each run the frequency of the voltage source was increased. Another MATLAB script (Figure 3b) was used to process the n files containing time-domain voltage and current data. It calculated amplitude and phase of input current and output voltage, saved them as complex numbers and computed the Z-parameters. After transformation into s-parameters according to equation (3) they were plotted together with the VNA data into the same charts in order to allow comparison. IV. TEST CASE: A MEDIUM-VOLTAGE XLPE CABLE A. Type and Configuration of the Cable The chosen test case is based on a medium-voltage cable with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation rated for 5 kV. It is designed for domestic distribution systems but it could also be used for shipboard power systems. It consists of a stranded copper conductor which is insulated by extruded XLPE and shielded with a thin copper sheath. For protection against environmental stress it has a layer of outer insulation. The XLPE insulation includes two semiconducting layers which are doped with carbon black. Figure 4 shows the layout with dimensions. calibration of the VNA was performed to the plane of the test cable assembly. The data was saved in magnitude and phase for all four s-parameters (s11, s12, s21, s22) although the symmetry makes them to be identical in pairs (s11 = s22 and s12 = s21). Vector Network Analyzer 2 × 13 m XLPE cable coiled up; antiparallel Cable joint 50 HF cable 2 × 0.3 m unshielded Vector Network Analyzer 2 × 13 m XLPE cable coiled up; antiparallel Cable joint 50 HF cable 2 × 0.3 m unshielded Figure 5. The test sample as it was set up for VNA measurement C. Apropriate Cable Models Two different models were chosen to show the process. The first model is based on lumped elements. It consists of a single LC-section arranged in Π-configuration. A resistor in series with the inductor accounts for the losses. It is expected 5 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Time Domain Experiment6 Time domain approach for cable model validation 6 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Time Domain Experiment6 Time domain approach for cable model validation 1 Set up the experiment as the schematic. 2 Connect one scope across the capacitor. 3 Charge the capacitor to a low voltage (preferably 10-20 V). 4 Turn on the switch to imitate a ground fault. 5 Record the transient voltage across the capacitor for further analysis. 6 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Time Domain Experiment6 Time domain approach for cable model validation Results 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 x 10 −5 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 Time (s) Voltage(V) ADS 2−port network results Actual measurement results (17V) 6 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Rotating Machines7 incident wave as it reflects and transmits through the machine made the mathematical approach unreasonably difficult. It was determined that the time-variant conditions could be tested by analyzing the scattering measurements as a function of rotor position. The measurement setup can be seen in Figure 4.1 where the VNA is using N–type connectors and measurement leads to interface with the machine. Figure 4.1: N-connector shield setup for scattering parameter measurements on electric machines (Left) using a vector network analyzer (Right) In [16] it was concluded that impedance response measurements had substantial error due to rotor position effects below the first resonance frequency. The test was setup so a comparison could be made when varying the rotor position during stator measurements. Three rotor positions were chosen, 0◦, 270◦, and 345◦, corresponding to three different cogging positions of the machine. Scattering parameters were measured at each cogging position on a 250 W brushless DC motor, which has a similar design as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Figure 4.2 is the resulting deviation in scattering results due to rotor position. The maximum had only a 0.4 dB difference 3-phase motors were considered 3 port and 4 port networks. 7 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Rotating Machines7 incident wave as it reflects and transmits through the machine made the mathematical approach unreasonably difficult. It was determined that the time-variant conditions could be tested by analyzing the scattering measurements as a function of rotor position. The measurement setup can be seen in Figure 4.1 where the VNA is using N–type connectors and measurement leads to interface with the machine. Figure 4.1: N-connector shield setup for scattering parameter measurements on electric machines (Left) using a vector network analyzer (Right) In [16] it was concluded that impedance response measurements had substantial error due to rotor position effects below the first resonance frequency. The test was setup so a comparison could be made when varying the rotor position during stator measurements. Three rotor positions were chosen, 0◦, 270◦, and 345◦, corresponding to three different cogging positions of the machine. Scattering parameters were measured at each cogging position on a 250 W brushless DC motor, which has a similar design as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Figure 4.2 is the resulting deviation in scattering results due to rotor position. The maximum had only a 0.4 dB difference 3-phase motors were considered 3 port and 4 port networks. Rotor location has no effect on parasitic coupling. 7 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Rotating Machines7 incident wave as it reflects and transmits through the machine made the mathematical approach unreasonably difficult. It was determined that the time-variant conditions could be tested by analyzing the scattering measurements as a function of rotor position. The measurement setup can be seen in Figure 4.1 where the VNA is using N–type connectors and measurement leads to interface with the machine. Figure 4.1: N-connector shield setup for scattering parameter measurements on electric machines (Left) using a vector network analyzer (Right) In [16] it was concluded that impedance response measurements had substantial error due to rotor position effects below the first resonance frequency. The test was setup so a comparison could be made when varying the rotor position during stator measurements. Three rotor positions were chosen, 0◦, 270◦, and 345◦, corresponding to three different cogging positions of the machine. Scattering parameters were measured at each cogging position on a 250 W brushless DC motor, which has a similar design as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Figure 4.2 is the resulting deviation in scattering results due to rotor position. The maximum had only a 0.4 dB difference 3-phase motors were considered 3 port and 4 port networks. Rotor location has no effect on parasitic coupling. No information about the operating mode of the machine (such as back EMF, or the effect of rotation on its CM behavior) was in the data sets. 7 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 An approach to analyze the CM behavior of large and complex power systems 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 An approach to analyze the CM behavior of large and complex power systems Simplifying models of power system for CM analysis 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 An approach to analyze the CM behavior of large and complex power systems Simplifying models of power system for CM analysis CM parameters are the main output of the simulation instead of the by-product of a detailed simulation. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 2 Identifying the Common mode voltage sources. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 2 Identifying the Common mode voltage sources. 3 Connect the separated equivalent CM circuits to form the equivalent CM circuit of the whole system. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 2 Identifying the Common mode voltage sources. 3 Connect the separated equivalent CM circuits to form the equivalent CM circuit of the whole system. 4 Characterize the CM sources based on the operation of power electronic devices in the system (Rectifiers, DC-DC Converters, Motor drives, etc.) 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: vaP + vPg = Ria + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia) dt, (7a) dib 1 v1P v2P P vPg Fig. 5 iCMP vPg Fig. 6. CM equiv Averaging the loo before yields vPg = −vCM + R 2 This procedure m combinations betw mation is seen to 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: vaP + vPg = Ria + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia) dt, (7a) dib 1 v1P v2P P vPg Fig. 5 iCMP vPg Fig. 6. CM equiv Averaging the loo before yields vPg = −vCM + R 2 This procedure m combinations betw mation is seen to vaP + vPg = iaR + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia )dt (8) vbP + vPg = ibR + Lf dib dt + 1 Cwg (ib − ib)dt (9) vcP + vPg = ic R + Lf dic dt + 1 Cwg (ic − ic )dt (10) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: vaP + vPg = Ria + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia) dt, (7a) dib 1 v1P v2P P vPg Fig. 5 iCMP vPg Fig. 6. CM equiv Averaging the loo before yields vPg = −vCM + R 2 This procedure m combinations betw mation is seen to vaP + vPg = iaR + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia )dt (8) vbP + vPg = ibR + Lf dib dt + 1 Cwg (ib − ib)dt (9) vcP + vPg = ic R + Lf dic dt + 1 Cwg (ic − ic )dt (10) vPg = − 1 3 (vaP + vbP + vcP ) + ( R 3 + Lf 3 d dt )(ia + ib + ic ) + 1 3Cwgs (ia + ib + ic ) − (ia + ib + ic ))dt (11) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example Applying CM definitions to Equation 11: 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example Applying CM definitions to Equation 11: vPg = −vCM + ( R 3 + Lf 3 d dt )iCM + 1 3Cwgs iCM dt (12) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example Applying CM definitions to Equation 11: vPg = −vCM + ( R 3 + Lf 3 d dt )iCM + 1 3Cwgs iCM dt (12) RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: dia 1 Fig. 6 Averag before vPg = This pr 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Rl/3Lfl/3iCM,lP vCM,l Rs/3 Lfs/3 iCM,s vCM,s Rdc/2Ldc/2 P′ 3Cwgs 3Cwgl Lb/2iCM,b vCM,b 2Cgb v′CM,dcvCM,dc Fig. 10. CM equivalent circuit for ship power system. TABLE II 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 1 Details of the PED switching patterns are most likely unavailable. 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 1 Details of the PED switching patterns are most likely unavailable. 2 Internal parts of PED may be inaccessible. 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 1 Details of the PED switching patterns are most likely unavailable. 2 Internal parts of PED may be inaccessible. 3 Voltage measurement while PED is running might be unsafe. 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis CM impedances
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis CM impedances CM voltage source waveform
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis CM impedances CM voltage source waveform Without accessing inside the PED.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Methodology
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Setup: DC inputs connected together, connected to Port 1 of VNA. AC outputs connected together connected to Port 2 of VNA. VNA ground connected to PED enclosure.25/02/2016 + _ T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2Port 1GND Network Analyzer Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel Line  O n/ O f f 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port1 Port2 R1 50 ohm V1
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp_test T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp_test T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2 Issue: High dynamic resistance of the diodes between 1 kHz to 300 kHz dominates the filter impedance.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp_test T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2 Issue: High dynamic resistance of the diodes between 1 kHz to 300 kHz dominates the filter impedance. Approach: Bias the diodes with a DC voltage.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2 Vdc Issue: High dynamic resistance of the diodes between 1 kHz to 300 kHz dominates the filter impedance. Approach: Bias the diodes with a DC voltage.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Dynamic Resistance of Diode Dynamic resistance of a freewheeling diode of an ABB LoPak5 IGBT module vs bias voltage: 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 50 100 150 200 250 Bias voltage (mV) DynamicResistance(Ω) The diode dynamic resistance vs forward voltage
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v 1 When the filter is disconnected and all the legs are in parallel.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v 1 When the filter is disconnected and all the legs are in parallel. 2 When the filter is connected to the IGBT module and the setup is as discussed (no bias voltage).
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v 1 When the filter is disconnected and all the legs are in parallel. 2 When the filter is connected to the IGBT module and the setup is as discussed (no bias voltage). 3 Same setup as number 2 but 7v DC is applied to the network by Port 1.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis 5/02/2016 CM_setup_nofil Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms VcmI ZcmiZcmt Zcmc Zcmm
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis 016 CM_setup_nofil Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms VcmI ZcmiZcmt Zcmc Zcmm Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis 016 CM_setup_nofil Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms VcmI ZcmiZcmt Zcmc Zcmm Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt Issue: CM characteristic of the DC source might be unknown.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci L/2 R/2 Low­pass Filter filter
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function:
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function: 1 Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function: 1 Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2 Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function: 1 Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2 Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3 Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci L/2 R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt filter
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci L/2 R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt filter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci Lcm R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt filter R/2
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage waveform calculation Source Cdc1 Zt Cdc2 (DUT) C B _ Transmission line (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm 2Cl 2Ci Lcm R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm ZcmL filter R/2 Vcml Lfl Rl
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage waveform calculation Source Cdc1 Zt Cdc2 (DUT) C B _ Transmission line (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm 2Cl 2Ci Lcm R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm ZcmL filter R/2 Vcml Lfl Rl VcmI ≈ Icm × (ZcmL + Zci + R 2 ) (13)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform. 5 Set all the frequency contents of the CM current spectrum more than a certain threshold below the fundamental content to zero. (in our case threshold = -18.2dB)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform. 5 Set all the frequency contents of the CM current spectrum more than a certain threshold below the fundamental content to zero. (in our case threshold = -18.2dB) 6 Multiply CM current spectrum with Zcm to get the estimated CM voltage spectrum. (while Zcm = ZcmL + Zci + R 2 )
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform. 5 Set all the frequency contents of the CM current spectrum more than a certain threshold below the fundamental content to zero. (in our case threshold = -18.2dB) 6 Multiply CM current spectrum with Zcm to get the estimated CM voltage spectrum. (while Zcm = ZcmL + Zci + R 2 ) 7 Get the inverse FFT of the spectrum gotten in step 6 to get the estimated CM voltage waveform.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to?
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform. 3 Import the CM current time vector into MATLAB.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform. 3 Import the CM current time vector into MATLAB. 4 Interpolate the CM current data to make the time steps constant through the vector.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform. 3 Import the CM current time vector into MATLAB. 4 Interpolate the CM current data to make the time steps constant through the vector. Steps 4-7 of the procedure won’t change.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling After obtaining the estimated CM voltage waveform:
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling After obtaining the estimated CM voltage waveform: 1 Apply the estimated CM voltage to the equivalent CM circuit of the inverter side, assuming the effect of the source side is negligible. 2 Compare the CM current from the equivalent CM circuit with the CM current from the Detailed model. Zcmi Zcmc Zcms Zcmt ZcmLZs Vcml Cwgl Lfl Rl Rfil Cfil
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References System Parameters Description Parameter Value Unit Source Lfs 68 µH Ls 0.1 mH Rs 2 Ω Cwgs 21.67 nF Voltage (RMS) 10 kV electrical frequency 60 Hz The DC Bus (Zdc ) Rdc 0.1 Ω Ldc 40 µH AC Load Rl 10 Ω Lfl 0.5 H Ll 1 mH Cwgl 1 nF Low pass Filter Lp 1 mH Rfil 1 mF Cfil 1 mf Inverter Switching Frequency 800 Hz Strategy 180◦ V source -
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Results
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage The CM voltage waveform from the detailed model simulation (virtual measurement): 0.048 0.0482 0.0484 0.0486 0.0488 0.049 0.0492 0.0494 0.0496 0.0498 0.05 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x 10 4 Time (s) Voltage
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage The CM voltage spectrum from the detailed model: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 X: 2400 Y: 1.309e+04 Frequency (Hz) Voltage(v) X: 1.2e+04 Y: 1029 X: 1.68e+04 Y: 629.8
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM current waveform The CM current waveform from the detailed model simulation (virtual measurement): 0.048 0.0482 0.0484 0.0486 0.0488 0.049 0.0492 0.0494 0.0496 0.0498 0.05 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Time (s) Current(A)
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM current Spectrum The CM current spectrum from the detailed model: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 X: 2400 Y: 0.6682 Current(A) Frequency (Hz) X: 7200 Y: 0.1808 X: 1.2e+04 Y: 0.1251
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Impedance CM impedance to ground seen by the inverter: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 Frequency (Hz) Impedance()
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM voltage spectrum Estimated CM voltage spectrum obtained by Equation 13: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 X: 2400 Y: 1.309e+04 Frequency (Hz) Voltage(v) X: 1.2e+04 Y: 1019 X: 1.68e+04 Y: 623.3
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM voltage waveform The estimated CM voltage waveform after applying inverse FFT to the estimated CM voltage spectrum: 0.048 0.0482 0.0484 0.0486 0.0488 0.049 0.0492 0.0494 0.0496 0.0498 0.05 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x 10 4 Time (s) Voltage(V) Estimated by "current measurement" Actual CM voltage
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM voltage waveform Same estimated CM voltage waveform without applying the threshold: 0.022 0.0225 0.023 0.0235 0.024 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x 10 4 Time (s) Voltage(V) Estimated by "current measurement" Actual CM voltage
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM current waveform Comparison between the original CM current from the detailed model and the estimated CM current from the simplified equivalent CM circuit: 0.043 0.0432 0.0434 0.0436 0.0438 0.044 0.0442 0.0444 0.0446 0.0448 0.045 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 Time (s) Current(A) Detailed model Equivalent circuit
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter. The CM voltage waveform of the inverter was reconstructed using current measurement and circuit analysis.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter. The CM voltage waveform of the inverter was reconstructed using current measurement and circuit analysis. The effect of the source side on CM behavior of the inverter side was minimized using a low pass filter.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter. The CM voltage waveform of the inverter was reconstructed using current measurement and circuit analysis. The effect of the source side on CM behavior of the inverter side was minimized using a low pass filter. Simulation time drastically decreased by using equivalent CM circuit: Equiv. CM circuit simulation time: 2.17 s Detailed model simulation time: 40.16 s
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy Establishing a framework for CM simulation in a power systems related software such as MATLAB Simulink
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy Establishing a framework for CM simulation in a power systems related software such as MATLAB Simulink Trying different and more complex switching strategies
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy Establishing a framework for CM simulation in a power systems related software such as MATLAB Simulink Trying different and more complex switching strategies Building the low-pass filter that works in the range of 10kV
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References References
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References References 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911 2 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998. 3 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994. 4 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010. 5 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014. 6 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014. 7 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thank you!

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m-s-thesis (1)

  • 1. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization of Common Mode Features of a 3-phase full-bridge Inverter Using Frequency Domain Approaches Behshad Mohebali Committee members: Dr. Chris Edrington (chair), Dr. Mischa Steurer, Dr. Lukas Graber, Dr. Helen Li Florida State University Department of Electrical Engineering February 26, 2016
  • 2. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Outline 1 Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement 2 Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform 3 Results 4 Conclusion 5 Future work 6 References
  • 3. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Introduction
  • 4. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode?
  • 5. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? 2/23/2016 I1 I2 V1P V2P + + _ _ P
  • 6. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? 2/23/2016 I1 I2 V1P V2P + + _ _ P iCM = i1 + i2 (1) iDM = 1 2 (i1 − i2) (2) vCM = 1 2 (V1P + V2P ) (3) vDM = V1P − V2P (4)
  • 7. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
  • 8. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
  • 9. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) Significant Contributors 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
  • 10. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) Significant Contributors Common mode loop impedance: System impedances, Ground connections, The ground path 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911
  • 11. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode What are Common mode and Differential mode? Generalization of Common mode parameters for devices with N terminals 1 iCM = N k=1 ik (1) vCM = 1 N N k=1 vpk (2) Significant Contributors Common mode loop impedance: System impedances, Ground connections, The ground path Sources: PEDs2 high frequency switching, External sources of EMI 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911 2 Power Electronic Devices
  • 12. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode paths All-Electric Ship Power System
  • 13. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode paths All-Electric Ship Power System 7 Concentrated and Distributed Models Concentrated Models Distributed Models Cable Shield to Ship hull G Generator 4-port AC cable ≥ 6-port ~ = Rectifier 6-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = = DC-DC converter 5-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = ~ Inverter 6-port M Motor 4-port Ship hull ≥ 5-port Super ground (e.g. sea water, port connection)
  • 14. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Common mode paths All-Electric Ship Power System 7 Concentrated and Distributed Models G Generator 4-port AC cable ≥ 6-port ~ = Rectifier 6-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = = DC-DC converter 5-port DC cable ≥ 4-port = ~ Inverter 6-port M Motor 4-port Ship hull ≥ 5-port Super ground (e.g. sea water, port connection) G MMMMMM Common mode current path Common mode loop impedance: System impedances, Parasitic coupling to ground, the ground path (such as ship hull)
  • 15. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 16. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 17. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 18. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 19. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 20. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 21. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 22. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 23. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 24. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system Ship hull characteristics 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 25. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system Ship hull characteristics High frequency features of System components (distributed or concentrated) 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 26. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Importance of CM analysis What can CM current do in a system?3 It can cause high frequency leakage currents to ground. It can cause wideband EMI. It can induce shaft voltages in machines which can cause failure. Importance of study To see the extent of CM current. To see where it is flowing or being generated. What aspects of an ungrounded shipboard power system should be identified? Parasitic coupling throughout the system Ship hull characteristics High frequency features of System components (distributed or concentrated) The effect of PEDs 3 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998
  • 27. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters S-parameters: A way to describe electrical behavior of LTI networks.
  • 28. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters S-parameters: A way to describe electrical behavior of LTI networks. Is the relation between the reflecting and incident waves at the ports of the network. iomar Infante, Michael Steurer Advanced Power Systems ida State University lahassee, FL, USA William W. Brey National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA ysis of transients in shipboard power r future all-electric ships to achieve long ents. In order to accomplish results with ommended to validate cable models as nfluence to amplitude and oscillation transients. The authors propose and measurement using scattering e easily obtained from measurement and r broadband information about the The measurement can be performed by work analyzer. The process to extract rom simulation models is explained in o different simulation models of a 5 kV ve been validated and compared. The s an efficient tool to quickly estimate the INTRODUCTION Systems ch project [1] studies the impact of emes of shipboard DC power systems. ent behavior of the DC bus voltage as a n of a prospective single rail-to-ground e transient behavior of the DC bus wide frequency range. It can be assumed that cables for power system application have purely linear characteristics. The scattering matrix S is defined by aSb rr ⋅= with a r being the incident and b r the reflected wave at all ports present. Figure 1 shows the circuit for a two-port network. U1 a1 ~ Z0 b1 U2 a2 ~ Z0 b2       = 2221 1211 ss ss S Linear, time-invariant two-port U1 a1 ~ Z0 b1 U2 a2 ~ Z0 b2       = 2221 1211 ss ss S Linear, time-invariant two-port Figure 1. Definition of scattering parameters of a linear, time-invariant two- port U1 and U2 are the voltage sources corresponding to port 1 and 2. Z0 is the source impedance which is in most cases 50 . For a two-port network S is a 2 × 2 matrix; a r and b r are two 2- dimensional vectors. The superposition principle for linear networks allows us to define the elements of the scattering matrix consisting of the four complex elements s11, s12, s21, and s22:  11 bb b1 b2 = s11 s12 s21 s22 . a1 a2 (3) ai = Vi + Z0Ii 2 √ Z0 = Incident wave (4) bi = Vi − Z0Ii 2 √ Z0 = Reflected wave (5)
  • 29. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)
  • 30. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
  • 31. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) Why we chose S-parameters 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
  • 32. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) Why we chose S-parameters Instruments have higher frequency range of measurement. 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
  • 33. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Scattering Parameters Convertible to other forms of circuit parameters (such as Z, Y, H, T, and ABCD matrices)4 Z = (I − S)−1 (I + S)Z0 (6) S = (Z − Z0I)(Z + Z0I)−1 (7) Why we chose S-parameters Instruments have higher frequency range of measurement. Convenient characterization of multiport networks compared to impedance analyzers 4 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994.
  • 34. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Cables5 Easy to characterize and model 5 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010.
  • 35. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Cables5 Easy to characterize and model Crucial to overall parasitic coupling and the transients of the system 5 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010.
  • 36. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Cables5 Easy to characterize and model Crucial to overall parasitic coupling and the transients of the systemAfter each run the frequency of the voltage source was increased. Another MATLAB script (Figure 3b) was used to process the n files containing time-domain voltage and current data. It calculated amplitude and phase of input current and output voltage, saved them as complex numbers and computed the Z-parameters. After transformation into s-parameters according to equation (3) they were plotted together with the VNA data into the same charts in order to allow comparison. IV. TEST CASE: A MEDIUM-VOLTAGE XLPE CABLE A. Type and Configuration of the Cable The chosen test case is based on a medium-voltage cable with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation rated for 5 kV. It is designed for domestic distribution systems but it could also be used for shipboard power systems. It consists of a stranded copper conductor which is insulated by extruded XLPE and shielded with a thin copper sheath. For protection against environmental stress it has a layer of outer insulation. The XLPE insulation includes two semiconducting layers which are doped with carbon black. Figure 4 shows the layout with dimensions. calibration of the VNA was performed to the plane of the test cable assembly. The data was saved in magnitude and phase for all four s-parameters (s11, s12, s21, s22) although the symmetry makes them to be identical in pairs (s11 = s22 and s12 = s21). Vector Network Analyzer 2 × 13 m XLPE cable coiled up; antiparallel Cable joint 50 HF cable 2 × 0.3 m unshielded Vector Network Analyzer 2 × 13 m XLPE cable coiled up; antiparallel Cable joint 50 HF cable 2 × 0.3 m unshielded Figure 5. The test sample as it was set up for VNA measurement C. Apropriate Cable Models Two different models were chosen to show the process. The first model is based on lumped elements. It consists of a single LC-section arranged in Π-configuration. A resistor in series with the inductor accounts for the losses. It is expected 5 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010.
  • 37. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Time Domain Experiment6 Time domain approach for cable model validation 6 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014.
  • 38. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Time Domain Experiment6 Time domain approach for cable model validation 1 Set up the experiment as the schematic. 2 Connect one scope across the capacitor. 3 Charge the capacitor to a low voltage (preferably 10-20 V). 4 Turn on the switch to imitate a ground fault. 5 Record the transient voltage across the capacitor for further analysis. 6 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014.
  • 39. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Time Domain Experiment6 Time domain approach for cable model validation Results 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 x 10 −5 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 Time (s) Voltage(V) ADS 2−port network results Actual measurement results (17V) 6 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014.
  • 40. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Rotating Machines7 incident wave as it reflects and transmits through the machine made the mathematical approach unreasonably difficult. It was determined that the time-variant conditions could be tested by analyzing the scattering measurements as a function of rotor position. The measurement setup can be seen in Figure 4.1 where the VNA is using N–type connectors and measurement leads to interface with the machine. Figure 4.1: N-connector shield setup for scattering parameter measurements on electric machines (Left) using a vector network analyzer (Right) In [16] it was concluded that impedance response measurements had substantial error due to rotor position effects below the first resonance frequency. The test was setup so a comparison could be made when varying the rotor position during stator measurements. Three rotor positions were chosen, 0◦, 270◦, and 345◦, corresponding to three different cogging positions of the machine. Scattering parameters were measured at each cogging position on a 250 W brushless DC motor, which has a similar design as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Figure 4.2 is the resulting deviation in scattering results due to rotor position. The maximum had only a 0.4 dB difference 3-phase motors were considered 3 port and 4 port networks. 7 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014.
  • 41. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Rotating Machines7 incident wave as it reflects and transmits through the machine made the mathematical approach unreasonably difficult. It was determined that the time-variant conditions could be tested by analyzing the scattering measurements as a function of rotor position. The measurement setup can be seen in Figure 4.1 where the VNA is using N–type connectors and measurement leads to interface with the machine. Figure 4.1: N-connector shield setup for scattering parameter measurements on electric machines (Left) using a vector network analyzer (Right) In [16] it was concluded that impedance response measurements had substantial error due to rotor position effects below the first resonance frequency. The test was setup so a comparison could be made when varying the rotor position during stator measurements. Three rotor positions were chosen, 0◦, 270◦, and 345◦, corresponding to three different cogging positions of the machine. Scattering parameters were measured at each cogging position on a 250 W brushless DC motor, which has a similar design as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Figure 4.2 is the resulting deviation in scattering results due to rotor position. The maximum had only a 0.4 dB difference 3-phase motors were considered 3 port and 4 port networks. Rotor location has no effect on parasitic coupling. 7 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014.
  • 42. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Past work: Rotating Machines7 incident wave as it reflects and transmits through the machine made the mathematical approach unreasonably difficult. It was determined that the time-variant conditions could be tested by analyzing the scattering measurements as a function of rotor position. The measurement setup can be seen in Figure 4.1 where the VNA is using N–type connectors and measurement leads to interface with the machine. Figure 4.1: N-connector shield setup for scattering parameter measurements on electric machines (Left) using a vector network analyzer (Right) In [16] it was concluded that impedance response measurements had substantial error due to rotor position effects below the first resonance frequency. The test was setup so a comparison could be made when varying the rotor position during stator measurements. Three rotor positions were chosen, 0◦, 270◦, and 345◦, corresponding to three different cogging positions of the machine. Scattering parameters were measured at each cogging position on a 250 W brushless DC motor, which has a similar design as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Figure 4.2 is the resulting deviation in scattering results due to rotor position. The maximum had only a 0.4 dB difference 3-phase motors were considered 3 port and 4 port networks. Rotor location has no effect on parasitic coupling. No information about the operating mode of the machine (such as back EMF, or the effect of rotation on its CM behavior) was in the data sets. 7 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014.
  • 43. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 An approach to analyze the CM behavior of large and complex power systems 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 44. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 An approach to analyze the CM behavior of large and complex power systems Simplifying models of power system for CM analysis 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 45. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 An approach to analyze the CM behavior of large and complex power systems Simplifying models of power system for CM analysis CM parameters are the main output of the simulation instead of the by-product of a detailed simulation. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 46. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 47. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 48. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 2 Identifying the Common mode voltage sources. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 49. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 2 Identifying the Common mode voltage sources. 3 Connect the separated equivalent CM circuits to form the equivalent CM circuit of the whole system. 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 50. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 1 Generating Equivalent common mode representation of each component (Machines, Transmission lines, Filters, etc.) using circuit analysis. 2 Identifying the Common mode voltage sources. 3 Connect the separated equivalent CM circuits to form the equivalent CM circuit of the whole system. 4 Characterize the CM sources based on the operation of power electronic devices in the system (Rectifiers, DC-DC Converters, Motor drives, etc.) 8 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 51. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: vaP + vPg = Ria + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia) dt, (7a) dib 1 v1P v2P P vPg Fig. 5 iCMP vPg Fig. 6. CM equiv Averaging the loo before yields vPg = −vCM + R 2 This procedure m combinations betw mation is seen to 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 52. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: vaP + vPg = Ria + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia) dt, (7a) dib 1 v1P v2P P vPg Fig. 5 iCMP vPg Fig. 6. CM equiv Averaging the loo before yields vPg = −vCM + R 2 This procedure m combinations betw mation is seen to vaP + vPg = iaR + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia )dt (8) vbP + vPg = ibR + Lf dib dt + 1 Cwg (ib − ib)dt (9) vcP + vPg = ic R + Lf dic dt + 1 Cwg (ic − ic )dt (10) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 53. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: vaP + vPg = Ria + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia) dt, (7a) dib 1 v1P v2P P vPg Fig. 5 iCMP vPg Fig. 6. CM equiv Averaging the loo before yields vPg = −vCM + R 2 This procedure m combinations betw mation is seen to vaP + vPg = iaR + Lf dia dt + 1 Cwg (ia − ia )dt (8) vbP + vPg = ibR + Lf dib dt + 1 Cwg (ib − ib)dt (9) vcP + vPg = ic R + Lf dic dt + 1 Cwg (ic − ic )dt (10) vPg = − 1 3 (vaP + vbP + vcP ) + ( R 3 + Lf 3 d dt )(ia + ib + ic ) + 1 3Cwgs (ia + ib + ic ) − (ia + ib + ic ))dt (11) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 54. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example Applying CM definitions to Equation 11: 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 55. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example Applying CM definitions to Equation 11: vPg = −vCM + ( R 3 + Lf 3 d dt )iCM + 1 3Cwgs iCM dt (12) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 56. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 :Example Applying CM definitions to Equation 11: vPg = −vCM + ( R 3 + Lf 3 d dt )iCM + 1 3Cwgs iCM dt (12) RL ia RL ib RL ic n vaP vbP vcP P vPg Lf Lf Lf Cwg Cwg Cwg Machine Stator Feeder Cables ia' ib' ic' eb ea ec Fig. 3. Generic machine model with parasitic capacitances. R/3 Lf /3 iCM 3Cwg P vPg vCM Fig. 4. CM equivalent circuit for generic machine. the following three loop equations: dia 1 Fig. 6 Averag before vPg = This pr 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 57. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 58. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Rl/3Lfl/3iCM,lP vCM,l Rs/3 Lfs/3 iCM,s vCM,s Rdc/2Ldc/2 P′ 3Cwgs 3Cwgl Lb/2iCM,b vCM,b 2Cgb v′CM,dcvCM,dc Fig. 10. CM equivalent circuit for ship power system. TABLE II 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 59. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 60. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 61. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 62. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 63. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 1 Details of the PED switching patterns are most likely unavailable. 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 64. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 1 Details of the PED switching patterns are most likely unavailable. 2 Internal parts of PED may be inaccessible. 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 65. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Equivalent CM Circuit Approach8 Needed information: 1 System CM impedances for all the components 2 Details on differential mode operation of Power Electronic devices (such as the switching patterns, Control strategies) Practical challenges: 1 Details of the PED switching patterns are most likely unavailable. 2 Internal parts of PED may be inaccessible. 3 Voltage measurement while PED is running might be unsafe. 8 AD Brovont and SD Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 66. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis
  • 67. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis CM impedances
  • 68. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis CM impedances CM voltage source waveform
  • 69. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thesis Statement Developing a practical approach to obtain information needed for CM analysis CM impedances CM voltage source waveform Without accessing inside the PED.
  • 70. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Methodology
  • 71. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Setup: DC inputs connected together, connected to Port 1 of VNA. AC outputs connected together connected to Port 2 of VNA. VNA ground connected to PED enclosure.25/02/2016 + _ T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2Port 1GND Network Analyzer Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel Line  O n/ O f f 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port1 Port2 R1 50 ohm V1
  • 72. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp_test T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2
  • 73. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp_test T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2 Issue: High dynamic resistance of the diodes between 1 kHz to 300 kHz dominates the filter impedance.
  • 74. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp_test T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2 Issue: High dynamic resistance of the diodes between 1 kHz to 300 kHz dominates the filter impedance. Approach: Bias the diodes with a DC voltage.
  • 75. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Measuring the CM Impedance of a PED Equivalent circuit of the setup: CM_imp T1 T2 T3 PED Port 2 Ch  1 Ch  2 Ch  3 Ch  4 M ea­ sur e For m at Scale/ Ref Display Avg Cal M ar ker M ar ker Sear ch M ar ker Func St ar t St op Power Cent er Span Sweep Ret ur n Syst em Local Pr eset Video Save/ Recall Seq St im ulus I nst r um ent   St at e R  Channel 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 G Hz M Hz kHz Hz0 key  't r anslat ion: .   ( en) '  r et ur ned  a  object   inst ead  of   st r ing.­ > < < Ent r y O f f Port2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Zf Zf Zf R1 50 ohm R2 50 ohm V1 V2 Vdc Issue: High dynamic resistance of the diodes between 1 kHz to 300 kHz dominates the filter impedance. Approach: Bias the diodes with a DC voltage.
  • 76. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Dynamic Resistance of Diode Dynamic resistance of a freewheeling diode of an ABB LoPak5 IGBT module vs bias voltage: 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 50 100 150 200 250 Bias voltage (mV) DynamicResistance(Ω) The diode dynamic resistance vs forward voltage
  • 77. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v
  • 78. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v 1 When the filter is disconnected and all the legs are in parallel.
  • 79. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v 1 When the filter is disconnected and all the legs are in parallel. 2 When the filter is connected to the IGBT module and the setup is as discussed (no bias voltage).
  • 80. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Impedance of a converter harmonic filter 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Time (s) Impedance() Filter impedance Filter impedance with diodes in series Filter/Diode series V b = 7v 1 When the filter is disconnected and all the legs are in parallel. 2 When the filter is connected to the IGBT module and the setup is as discussed (no bias voltage). 3 Same setup as number 2 but 7v DC is applied to the network by Port 1.
  • 81. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup
  • 82. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter.
  • 83. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source
  • 84. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis
  • 85. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis 5/02/2016 CM_setup_nofil Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms VcmI ZcmiZcmt Zcmc Zcmm
  • 86. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis 016 CM_setup_nofil Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms VcmI ZcmiZcmt Zcmc Zcmm Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt
  • 87. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Voltage Source Waveform Measurement Running the inverter in a controlled test setup The only unknown CM parameter is the CM voltage waveform of the inverter. Measuring the CM current going through the inverter and the source Obtaining the CM voltage waveform using circuit analysis 016 CM_setup_nofil Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms VcmI ZcmiZcmt Zcmc Zcmm Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt Issue: CM characteristic of the DC source might be unknown.
  • 88. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter
  • 89. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci L/2 R/2 Low­pass Filter filter
  • 90. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function:
  • 91. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function: 1 Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side.
  • 92. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function: 1 Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2 Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side.
  • 93. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Low-Pass Filter 1. Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2. Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3. Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis. Low pass filter 22/01/2016 Low-pass RR Ci CiClCl Low pass Filter Lcm 2Ci2Cl R/2 CM choke RR R/2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 2 3 Function: 1 Blocks the High frequency CM current coming from Source side. 2 Provides alternative path for the CM current from the source side. 3 Provides low impedance path to ground at inverter input to decrease the source side effect in CM analysis.
  • 94. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci L/2 R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt filter
  • 95. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Decoupling the Source Side Approach: Using a Low-pass filter to minimize the effect of source on CM behavior of the inverter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci L/2 R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt filter Source Cdc1 Zt Zt Cdc2 Inverter (DUT) A C B _ + 3­Phase Transmission line MOTOR (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Low­pass 2Cl 2Ci Lcm R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm Zcms Zcmt filter R/2
  • 96. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage waveform calculation Source Cdc1 Zt Cdc2 (DUT) C B _ Transmission line (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm 2Cl 2Ci Lcm R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm ZcmL filter R/2 Vcml Lfl Rl
  • 97. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage waveform calculation Source Cdc1 Zt Cdc2 (DUT) C B _ Transmission line (Load) Vcms Zcms Zcmt VcmI Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm 2Cl 2Ci Lcm R/2 Low­pass Filter Zcmi Zcmc Zcmm ZcmL filter R/2 Vcml Lfl Rl VcmI ≈ Icm × (ZcmL + Zci + R 2 ) (13)
  • 98. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained.
  • 99. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter.
  • 100. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace.
  • 101. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform.
  • 102. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform. 5 Set all the frequency contents of the CM current spectrum more than a certain threshold below the fundamental content to zero. (in our case threshold = -18.2dB)
  • 103. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform. 5 Set all the frequency contents of the CM current spectrum more than a certain threshold below the fundamental content to zero. (in our case threshold = -18.2dB) 6 Multiply CM current spectrum with Zcm to get the estimated CM voltage spectrum. (while Zcm = ZcmL + Zci + R 2 )
  • 104. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Characterization procedure 1 Set up the experiment as explained. 2 Run/Measure the CM current going through the inverter. 3 Import CM current data vector into MATLAB workspace. 4 Get the FFT of the CM current waveform. 5 Set all the frequency contents of the CM current spectrum more than a certain threshold below the fundamental content to zero. (in our case threshold = -18.2dB) 6 Multiply CM current spectrum with Zcm to get the estimated CM voltage spectrum. (while Zcm = ZcmL + Zci + R 2 ) 7 Get the inverse FFT of the spectrum gotten in step 6 to get the estimated CM voltage waveform.
  • 105. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach
  • 106. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to?
  • 107. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup.
  • 108. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform.
  • 109. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform. 3 Import the CM current time vector into MATLAB.
  • 110. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform. 3 Import the CM current time vector into MATLAB. 4 Interpolate the CM current data to make the time steps constant through the vector.
  • 111. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling Used simulation to show the effectiveness of the approach Step 1-3 of the procedure are changed to? 1 Build the model of the discussed test setup. 2 Do the simulation to get the CM current waveform. 3 Import the CM current time vector into MATLAB. 4 Interpolate the CM current data to make the time steps constant through the vector. Steps 4-7 of the procedure won’t change.
  • 112. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling After obtaining the estimated CM voltage waveform:
  • 113. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Modeling After obtaining the estimated CM voltage waveform: 1 Apply the estimated CM voltage to the equivalent CM circuit of the inverter side, assuming the effect of the source side is negligible. 2 Compare the CM current from the equivalent CM circuit with the CM current from the Detailed model. Zcmi Zcmc Zcms Zcmt ZcmLZs Vcml Cwgl Lfl Rl Rfil Cfil
  • 114. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References System Parameters Description Parameter Value Unit Source Lfs 68 µH Ls 0.1 mH Rs 2 Ω Cwgs 21.67 nF Voltage (RMS) 10 kV electrical frequency 60 Hz The DC Bus (Zdc ) Rdc 0.1 Ω Ldc 40 µH AC Load Rl 10 Ω Lfl 0.5 H Ll 1 mH Cwgl 1 nF Low pass Filter Lp 1 mH Rfil 1 mF Cfil 1 mf Inverter Switching Frequency 800 Hz Strategy 180◦ V source -
  • 115. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Results
  • 116. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage The CM voltage waveform from the detailed model simulation (virtual measurement): 0.048 0.0482 0.0484 0.0486 0.0488 0.049 0.0492 0.0494 0.0496 0.0498 0.05 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x 10 4 Time (s) Voltage
  • 117. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM voltage The CM voltage spectrum from the detailed model: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 X: 2400 Y: 1.309e+04 Frequency (Hz) Voltage(v) X: 1.2e+04 Y: 1029 X: 1.68e+04 Y: 629.8
  • 118. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM current waveform The CM current waveform from the detailed model simulation (virtual measurement): 0.048 0.0482 0.0484 0.0486 0.0488 0.049 0.0492 0.0494 0.0496 0.0498 0.05 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Time (s) Current(A)
  • 119. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM current Spectrum The CM current spectrum from the detailed model: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 X: 2400 Y: 0.6682 Current(A) Frequency (Hz) X: 7200 Y: 0.1808 X: 1.2e+04 Y: 0.1251
  • 120. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References CM Impedance CM impedance to ground seen by the inverter: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 Frequency (Hz) Impedance()
  • 121. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM voltage spectrum Estimated CM voltage spectrum obtained by Equation 13: 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 X: 2400 Y: 1.309e+04 Frequency (Hz) Voltage(v) X: 1.2e+04 Y: 1019 X: 1.68e+04 Y: 623.3
  • 122. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM voltage waveform The estimated CM voltage waveform after applying inverse FFT to the estimated CM voltage spectrum: 0.048 0.0482 0.0484 0.0486 0.0488 0.049 0.0492 0.0494 0.0496 0.0498 0.05 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x 10 4 Time (s) Voltage(V) Estimated by "current measurement" Actual CM voltage
  • 123. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM voltage waveform Same estimated CM voltage waveform without applying the threshold: 0.022 0.0225 0.023 0.0235 0.024 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x 10 4 Time (s) Voltage(V) Estimated by "current measurement" Actual CM voltage
  • 124. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Estimated CM current waveform Comparison between the original CM current from the detailed model and the estimated CM current from the simplified equivalent CM circuit: 0.043 0.0432 0.0434 0.0436 0.0438 0.044 0.0442 0.0444 0.0446 0.0448 0.045 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 Time (s) Current(A) Detailed model Equivalent circuit
  • 125. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion
  • 126. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter.
  • 127. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter. The CM voltage waveform of the inverter was reconstructed using current measurement and circuit analysis.
  • 128. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter. The CM voltage waveform of the inverter was reconstructed using current measurement and circuit analysis. The effect of the source side on CM behavior of the inverter side was minimized using a low pass filter.
  • 129. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Conclusion A test setup was proposed to analyze the active CM characteristics of an inverter. The CM voltage waveform of the inverter was reconstructed using current measurement and circuit analysis. The effect of the source side on CM behavior of the inverter side was minimized using a low pass filter. Simulation time drastically decreased by using equivalent CM circuit: Equiv. CM circuit simulation time: 2.17 s Detailed model simulation time: 40.16 s
  • 130. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work
  • 131. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements
  • 132. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error
  • 133. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit
  • 134. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy
  • 135. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy Establishing a framework for CM simulation in a power systems related software such as MATLAB Simulink
  • 136. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy Establishing a framework for CM simulation in a power systems related software such as MATLAB Simulink Trying different and more complex switching strategies
  • 137. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Future work Checking the impact of the diodes on the filter impedance measurements Checking the sensitivity of the process to potential sources of error Current measurement noise S-parameters measurement error Studying the effect of line imbalance on CM currents and its representation in the equivalent CM circuit Checking the effect of filter values on the accuracy Establishing a framework for CM simulation in a power systems related software such as MATLAB Simulink Trying different and more complex switching strategies Building the low-pass filter that works in the range of 10kV
  • 138. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References References
  • 139. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References References 1 David E. Bockelman, and William R. Eisenstadt, ”Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol.43, no.7, pp.1530-1539, Jul 1995 doi: 10.1109/22.392911 2 D. A. Rendusara and P. N. Enjeti. ”An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , vol.13, no.6, pp.1135-1143, Nov 1998. 3 Dean A Frickey. ”Conversions between s, z, y, h, abcd, and t parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers);(United States), 42(2), 1994. 4 L. Graber, D. Infante, M. Steurer, and W.W. Brey. Validation of cable models for simulation of transients in shipboard power systems. In High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on, pages 77-80, Oct 2010. 5 Behshad Mohebali, Patrick Breslend, Lukas Graber, and Michael Steurer. ”Validation of a scattering parameter based model of a power cable for shipboard grounding studies.” In ASNE Electric Machines Technology Symposium, 2014. 6 P. Breslend, B. Mohebali, L. Graber, and M. Steurer, ”High frequency models for rotating machines in ungrounded shipboard power systems,” Naval Engineers Journal (NEJ), vol. 126-4, pp. 36-42, dec 2014. 7 A.D. Brovont and S.D. Pekarek. ”Equivalent circuits for common-mode analysis of naval power systems.” In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2015 IEEE, pages 245-250. IEEE, 2015.
  • 140. Behshad Mohebali Introduction Common mode S-Parameters Equivalent CM circuit Thesis Statement Methodology CM impedance of a PED CM voltage source waveform Results Conclusion Future work References Thank you!