This document summarizes key concepts about groups: 1. Groups can be formal, established by an organization to achieve common goals, or informal, formed by individuals to satisfy social needs. 2. Informal groups have voluntary membership, multi-group membership, and leadership selected by members. They provide communication channels but can restrict creativity. 3. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Group cohesiveness and norms define acceptable and unacceptable member behaviors.

1. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
MBA (UGCNET- Management),
MA (UGCNET-Education)

2. MEANING:
It concerns with-
•How groups are formed?
•What is their structure?
•Which processes are followed in their
functioning?

3. Group
 A group refers to two or more people who share a
common identity to achieve a common goal.

4. Types of Groups
1. Formal groups: established by an organization.
2. Informal Groups: Formed by individuals to satisfy
their social needs of affiliation.
 Emerge on their own.

5. Stages of Group Development:
Five stages of group development are as
follows:
1. Forming:
2. Storming
3. Norming:
4. Performing
5. Adjourning:

6. Characteristics of informal groups:
 Creation: Not created by an organization:
 Satisfaction of needs: Social and psychological
 Voluntary membership: No compulsion to join a
group.
 Multi-group membership: Can be a member of
more than one informal group
 Leadership: Selected by the group members.

7. Advantages of informal group:
 It lightens the workload for the formal group
managers.
 Brings satisfaction and stability to the organization.
 Provide useful channel of communication.

8. Disadvantages of Informal groups:
 Resistance to change.
 Creates conflict between roles.
 Creativity of group member is restricted.

9. Groups Norms
 It defines the acceptable behaviors and unacceptable
behaviors, shared by the group members.

10. Group Cohesiveness
 Refers to the bonding of group members or unity,
feelings of attraction for each other and desire to
remain part of the group.

11. THANK YOU