Insulin enables glucose uptake in tissues and regulates glucose production in the liver. In type 1 diabetes, the lack of insulin means glucose cannot enter cells and the liver produces glucose. Management of acute pathophysiology involves admission to intensive care, IV insulin and fluid replacement to lower high blood glucose, and treating any precipitating factors. Long term complications can impact vision through effects on the eyes, as well as increasing risks of heart issues, hypertension, and hyperplasia of tissues.