2. DNA fingerprinting
• A technique used especially for identification by
extracting and identifying the base pair pattern of
an individual's DNA.
• DNA typing ,
Genetic fingerprinting ,
DNA profiling.
5. The evolution of molecular markers
Morphological variants (Pre 1950s)Classical era
Protein scene
DNA Hybridization scene
Pre-PCR era
Oligo scene
Genomics era
Anonymousmarkers
Gene-Basedmarkers
Allozymes (1960s)
Gel electrophoresis (1950s)
Restriction (1968) and Southern blotting (1975)
RFLPs (1980s)
PCR (1986)Gene specific PCR
CAPS (1993)
SSCPs
cDNA sequencing (ESTs)
SSRs (1989)
RAPD (1990)
SCARs
AFLP (1996)
Automation
High – throughput marker analysis
Complete genomic sequenceAFLP on automated sequencers (1998)
AFLP on microarrays (1998)
SNPs
SNPs on chips
Modified from Dr. O’Malley’s presentation
8. Amplified Fragment Length
Polymorphism
• Selective PCR
amplification
of Restriction
fragments
from a total
digest of
genomic
DNA.
•Developed
by Keygene
in 1970's
9.
10. Simple sequence repeats
• Simple sequence repeats are present in all
eukaryotes
• A nucleotide repeat sequence such as (dC-dA)n
, (dG-dT)n as many as 50,000 times with 'n'
varying from 10-60.
15. References
• Bhat.,k.v, DNA fingerprinting and cultivar identification, national research
centre on fingerprinting,NBPGR,newdelhi.
• Kurt Weising.,Hilde Nybom.,Kirsten Wolff., Gunter Kahl, DNA
Fingerprinting in Plants
Principles, Methods, and Applications,Second Edition,tyalor and francis
group.
• D. Spooner, R. van Treuren and M. C. de Vicente, Molecular markers for
genebank management ,2005.