Nepal relies heavily on tourism as a key economic driver. Tourism accounts for millions of jobs and billions in revenue each year. However, air crashes can significantly impact tourism. Over half of international tourists arrive via air, and any crashes damage confidence in air travel and the perception of safety. The 2015 earthquakes in Nepal severely reduced tourism for a period. But tourism was recovering through investments and promotion until another crash would again threaten the industry and economy. As the largest job sector, tourism stability is important for Nepal's development.

1. 2018
Md. Fazla Rabbe Sarder
Email: info@mfazlarabbe.com
Website: www.mfazlarabbe.com
The Impact of Tourism by
Occurring Air Crash in Nepal

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C O N T E N T S
Topic Material
Overview
Tourism in Nepal
Impact of Tourism by Air Crash

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Overview
Nepal (/nəˈpɔːl/ Nepali: नेपाल /Nepāl [neˈpal]), officially the Federal Democratic
Republic of Nepal (Nepali: स ीय लोकता क गणत नेपाल Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra
Nepāl), is a landlocked country in South Asia located in the Himalaya. With an estimated
population of 26.4 million, it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by
area. It borders China in the north and India in the south, east, and west while Bangladesh is
located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by
the Indian state of Sikkim. A Himalayan state, Nepal has a diverse geography, including
fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including
Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city.
Nepal is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language.
The name "Nepal" is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age, the era which
founded Hinduism, the predominant religion of the country. In the middle of the first
millennium BCE, Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in southern Nepal.
Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet. The centrally located
Kathmandu Valley was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal
Mandala. The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley's
traders. The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture. By the
18th century, the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal. The Shah dynasty
established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire, under
its Rana dynasty of premiers. The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state
between Imperial China and Colonial India. Parliamentary democracy was introduced in
1951, but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005. The Nepalese
Civil War in 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the proclamation of a republic in 2008, ending
the reign of the world's last Hindu monarchy.
The Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 2017 establishes it as a federal secular
parliamentary republic divided in seven states. Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in
1955, and friendship treaties were signed with India in 1950 and the People's Republic of
China in 1960. Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation (SAARC), of which it is a founding member. Nepal is also a member
of the Non Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative. The military of Nepal is the
fifth largest in South Asia and is notable for its Gurkha history, particularly during the world
wars, and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations.

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Tourism in Nepal
Tourism is the largest industry in Nepal and its largest source of foreign
exchange and revenue. In other word we can say tourism as lifeblood of Nepalese society.
Possessing eight of the ten highest mountains in the world, Nepal is a hotspot destination for
mountaineers, rock climbers and people seeking adventure. Everybody who are looking for
some adventure on the coming vacation Nepal will be a great destination. The rich Nepalese
culture, spiritual environment, rural villages, beautiful cities, rich wildlife and shinning
mountains are the tourism assets of Nepal. Nepal is always working and improving from
different aspects so that it can make Nepal a hub for foreign tourists. In Nepal, they have a
culture from ages that is considering guest or tourist as a god. So, tourism in Nepal has been
in spotlight from years. Today not everyone but most of the people in the world consider
Nepal as one of the very friendly country for tourism. The Hindu and Buddhist heritage of
Nepal and its cool weather are also strong attractions.
Overview
Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space. Nepal has 8 of the 10 highest
mountains in the world. Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak in the world, is located in
Nepal. Mountaineering and other types of adventure tourism and ecotourism are important
attractions for visitors. As well as Nepal is well known throughout the world for cultural
tourism, spiritual tourism, village tourism and sport tourism. The world heritage site Lumbini,
birthplace of Gautama Buddha, is located in the south of the West region of Nepal (which
despite the name is located in the centre of the country) and there are other important
religious pilgrimage sites throughout the country. Every year millions of Buddhists tourists
come to Nepal to visit the birthplace of Gautam Buddha. Not only Nepal has a beautiful
destination for tourism, the pleasant climate and the welcoming nature is also a component
by which Nepal is known at different part of the world. According to the USA TODAY,
Nepal’s mountains and rivers offers unlimited opportunity of adventure activites. In 2016 only
the tourism industry directly supported 427,000 jobs which is 2.9 percent of the total
employment of the country. In 2027, the jobs by tourism industry is expected to reach by
1,325,000 according to the Nepal Tourism Bosard data. SO, tourism in Nepal is considered
as a backbone for the Nepali economy.
Different Aspects of Tourism at Nepal
The different aspects of tourism that can be found in Nepal are listed below:
 Cultural Tourism
 Spiritual Tourism
 Himalaya Tourism
 Adventure Tourism
 Natural Tourism
 Sport Tourism
 Agriculture Tourism
 Hospitality Tourism

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Cultural Tourism
Nepal is very rich, and its culture is unique at the same time. There are 125 ethical
groups, and the languages they speak are 123. In the small are of 147,181 square kilometer
which is very tiny, people follow ten different religions. The diversity, the custom and tradition
of Nepalese people separates it from the rest of the world and puts itself in very dynamic
position. Another way to calculate the richness in Nepal Culture is the festivals they
celebrate. Many tourists from all over the world come to witness the unique festival in Nepal.
The festival of color Holi, the festival of marijuana known as Shivaratri are few festivals
which attracts hundreds of thousands and tourists every year. This kind of festival makes the
stay in Nepal more joyful and it had a power to attract more tourist and strength the Cultural
Tourism in Nepal every year.
Spiritual Tourism
Spiritual tourism is one of the ingredients which attract millions of tourists at Nepal
every year. Nepal is the land of Hindu Religion. The temple “Pashupatinath” is located at the
capital of Nepal which is one of the popular destinations for Hindus throughout the world.
The city of Kathmandu is also known as city of temples. It got thousands of temples which
attracts many tourists from all parts of the world. As well as there are so many pilgrim sites
at Nepal like Lumbini, Muktinath, Gosainkunda, Janakpur.
Village and City Tourism
Nepal is known as the country of villages. There are so many villages and the
lifestyle is very typical. Even though the technology and life style is advanced these days,
the typical village life of Nepal is something that people does not see often. The plouging of
land by ox, typical houses, homestay at villages, local food are the attraction by which village
tourism had grown these days. Beside villages, the popular city like Pokhara, Kathmandu,
Lumbini, Bhaktapur are very famous tourist destination. There are so many historic sites
which can be found mesmerizing in Nepal.
Mountain Tourism
In Nepal there is eight of the tallest mountain among top ten of the world. In Nepal
the world’s most, spectacular mountain can be found. It is challenging but worthy. There are
14 peaks in Nepal which height is more than 8000 m height. There is great trekking and
hiking spots around these peaks. If managed properly this can generate the great income in
Nepal. To climb the highest peak or mountain in the world Mount Everest, every year so
many people come to Nepal from all part of the world. The Mountain flight is one of the
popular activates which can be done in Nepal. Besides that travelling to the base camp of
the different mountains is the thing many tourists enjoy at Nepal
Adventure Tourism
Nepal is very popular destination for the Adventure. Beside mountains and high
peaks, many adventure activates can be done in Nepal. The cable car travel in the Mukti
Nath Temple is very adventure rhino. Bungee jump at the Bhotekoski river, boating,
fishing, rafting, paragliding are the few adventures which can be done in Nepal. Beside this,
wildlife hunting is also an adventure which can be done in Nepal.
Natural Tourism
Nepal is rich in natural beauty, the mountain, lakes, rivers, forests and wildlife makes
Nepal complete. Many people come to Nepal to see different wild animals in the National

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parks. Tiger, one horned rhino can be seen at different National parks. In the jungle of Nepal
various wildlife like tiger, snow leopard, red panda and musk deer can be found.
Sport Tourism
Nepal is famous destination for playing golf. The very luxury golf course with the view
of mountain makes is popular destination for golfing. Beside this rock climbing,
rafting, kayaking, mountain biking are the various sports that can be done in Nepal. Elephant
polo is played only in the country Nepal. The rafting in Nepalese river is very with the great
natural view is very tremendous.
Agriculture Tourism
Being the agricultural country Nepal had very potential on the Agriculture tourism.
Eighty percent of the total population of Nepal depends upon agriculture, the different kinds
of herbs and a plant found in Nepal attracts many people. The agriculture technique used by
village people in Nepal is very primitive in this modern world. Every year many people
throughout the world come to witness it. Beside agriculture they come to try the local food
and local culture at Nepal.
Hospitality Tourism
The hospitality of Nepal is liked by almost all people who visit Nepal. The innocent of
the Nepal and the concept of treating guest or tourist as God make Nepal to have very
potential at Hospitality tourism, there are so many luxury hotels and destination as well as
people can home stay and enjoy local food and culture. The generous hospitality of Nepal
took attention of all the visitors and made them compel to come back Nepal again.
Statistics
Tourism in Nepal was badly affected, at least temporarily, by the series of
earthquakes in 2015. But now it is recovering up and so many investments to attract tourist
can be seen every day at Nepal. Prince Harry from Britain visited Nepal at 2016 to send
message to the world that Nepal is recovering from devastating earthquake and we should
love Nepal by visiting it and sharing hands to rebuilt Nepal.
In 2017-, the number of international tourists visiting Nepal was 940,218 which was
an increase of 24.8 compared to the previous year. Nepal Tourism Policy 2009 identifies
tourism as one of the important key or backbone for economic development at Nepal. So, so
many plan and policies are formulated to attract tourists every year. Expansion of
employment opportunities and to improve living standard of Nepalese people Nepal has
formulated Vision 2020 to make the 1 million employments from tourism industry.

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Arrivals
This statistic shows the number of international tourist arrivals by year, 2000–2017:
Year
Number of international tourists
arriving in Nepal
% change from
previous year
2000 463,646 -5.7%
2001 361,237 -22.1%
2002 275,468 -23.7
2003 338,132 +22.7%
2004 385,297 +13.9%
2005 375,398 -2.6%
2006 383,926 +2.3%
2007 526,705 +37.3%
2008 500,277 -5.0%
2009 509,956 +1.9%
2010 602,867 +18.2%
2011 736,215 +22.1%
2012 803,092 +9.1%
2013 797,616 -0.7%
2014 790,118 -0.9%
2015 538,970 -31%
2016 753,002 +40%
2017 940,218 +24.8%
Arrivals by country
Most tourists arriving to Nepal on short term basis were from the following countries
of nationality:
Rank Country 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
1 India 160,832 118,249 75,124 135,343 180,974
2 China 104,664 104,005 66,984 123,805 113,173

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3 United States 79,146 53,645 42,687 498,30 47,355
4 United Kingdom 51,058 46,295 29,730 36,759 35,688
5 Sri Lanka 45,361 57,521 44,367 37,546 32,736
6 Thailand 39,154 26,722 32,338 33,422 40,969
7 South Korea 34,301 25,171 18,112 23,205 19,714
8 Australia 33,371 25,507 16,619 24,516 20,469
9 Myanmar 30,852 25,769 21,631 N/A N/A
10 Germany 29,918 23,812 16,405 18,028 22,263
11 Bangladesh 29,060 23,440 14,831 21,851 22,410
12 Japan 27,326 22,979 17,613 25,892 26,694
13 France 26,140 20,863 16,405 24,097 21,842
14 Malaysia 18,284 13,669 9,855 18,915 18,842
15 Spain 15,953 12,255 6,741 13,110 10,412
16 Canada 15,105 12,491 8,398 11,610 12,132
17 Netherlands 13,393 11,453 7,515 12,320 10,516
Total Foreigner 940,218 753,002 538,970 790,118 797,616

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Impact of Tourism by Air Crash
Around 14.6 million direct jobs in the world are generated through the money
expenditure of tourists arriving through air transportation. Indirectly, a further 13.4 million
jobs in tourism industry are linked with the tourists arriving via air transportation. Furthermore
direct and indirect tourism jobs supported by air transportation create 6.9 million jobs in other
sectors of the economy. These indirect jobs are supported through the spending of workers
working in air transportation sector. In Africa alone, over 2.5 million people are estimated to
be employed by the tourism industry. These jobs are supported and linked with international
tourists using air transportation and accounts for around 30 per cent of jobs in whole Africa.
Aviation industry has become the major economic and employment contributor at the
moment. Contribution to world GDP compared with other sectors, it has become larger than
pharmaceuticals, textiles or automotive industries, global chemicals and food and beverages
industries. Air transportation has become the key element of global economic development.
It has become the very important transportation medium at the moment. Combined with the
tourism industry, taking into consideration all direct, indirect and prompt economic effects, it
has become the most significant economic sector. Air transportation is vital for tourism as
more than a half of total international tourists and around 35 per cent of goods of
international trade are transported via air transportation. The estimated contribution of air
transportation to the world GDP is about USD 2.4 trillion, equivalent to 3.4 per cent of world
GDP.
With fast, safe and reliable services air transportation brings tourist and host nation’s
culture together like no other transportation. It allows travelers to experience different social
culture with greater value. Air transportation plays a central role in developing tourism and
economy of many developing countries. Sustainable air transportation brings employment
opportunities in a responsible and strategic way. Feature like paying for own infrastructure
(i.e. airports, terminals, runways, air traffic control) rather than depending upon funds and
finances makes air transportation unique and self-sustainable. It makes tourism and trade
possible, contributes in economic growth, improves living standard of local area, erases
poverty, increases tax income and contributes to sustainable environment. In case of
emergency, crises, and natural disaster air transportation is best way to supply medical
support and other help.
Conclusion
In above all of those, we can say that the air crash in Nepal create huge impact in
countries tourism in this year Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and National Income (NI).
Nepal wills losses huge number of tourist in this year. Last 2 years (2017-2016) 29,060 and
23,440 tourists were visited to Nepal from Bangladesh. But recent US-Bangla Airlines Plane
crash, it makes constantly decrease.