MS Scholar International Islamic University Islamabad.

2. Prasentator: Wajahat Hussain.
Reg no: 260-FSS/MSEDU-F17
Facilitator: Dr. Sheikh Tariq Mahmood.
Presentation Topic: Budgeting

3.  Concept of Budget.
 functions of Budget.
 Advantages of Budget.
 Techniques/ approaches of Budget.
 Types of Budget.
 Characteristics of Budget.
 Bottlenecks of Budget.

5.  A Budget is a plan of financial operation
embodying an estimate of the proposed
expenditure for a given period and purpose
and the proposed means of financing them.
 a budget is a comprehensive and
coordinated plan expressed in financial
terms for the operation of a system or an
organization for a specific period to achieve
predetermined goals. ( FREGMEN 1973)

6.  Budgeting is the process of allocating an
organization/ institution available
resources to its units, activities and
investment and to monitor the
performance of managers and
employees.

11.  Basis for internal audit since regular evaluating
departmental results.
 wastages and losses are avoided and maximum
efficiency is attained.
 management plans ahead to achieve long term
goals.
Increase communication and coordination in the
firm.
Identification of areas of efficiency and
inefficiency.
 act s yardsticks for comparing actual
performance.

13.  zero base Budgeting(ZBB).
 Activity Based Budgeting( ABB).
 Kaizen Budgeting.

14. There are many types of budgets prepared
according to deferent basis and deferent
aspects.
Line-item Budget:
 most traditional type of budget.
 not goal oriented.
 costing of listing of item.
Performance budget:
 goal oriented.
 emphasize on what to be achieved.

15. Recurring and non-recurring Budget.
 Deficiency and special budget.
 capital budget.
 labour budget.
 cash budget.
 Target Budget.
 progrmme Budget.
 strategic Budget.

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