4. EXPLANATION
• The causative form with TRANSITIVE verbs is used to indicate an
action that someone makes happen, usually used in the context
of making somebody do something
• The causative form with TRANSITIVE verbs is also used to indicate
a permission that someone let/allow someone else to do
something.
• To know whether it is permissive or coercive, it is judged by the
context.
• Usually higher status people lower
6. • 話す
• 聞く
• 書く
• 待つ
• 立つ
• 持つ
• 買う
練習: PUT THESE GROUP 1 VERBS INTO THE
CAUSATIVE FORM
話させる
聞かせる
書かせる
待たせる
立たせる
持たせる
買わせる
7. Group 2
食べる 食べ ＋させる 食べさせる（食べさせます）
見る 見 ＋させる 見させる（見させます）
練習：
•着る
•寝る
•起きる
•覚える
練習：
•着させる
•寝させる
•起きさせる
•覚えさせる
Group 3
する させる 来る 来させる
Note:
After changed to
Causative form
They act like
Group 2 verbs
9. MAKE/LET SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING.
• Somebody は Somebody に something をCausative verb (transitive).
例：
• 先生はいつも私たちにたくさん宿題をさせます。
• お母さんは子供にピアノを習わせました。
• 両親はあゆみさんにブロッコリーを食べさせました。
The subject (は) is the person giving the order.
11. • As using causative with TRANSITIVE verbs, INTRANSITIVE
verbs is used to indicate an action that someone makes
happen, usually used in the context of making somebody
do something
• In the same way, the causative form with INTRANSITIVE
verbs is also used to indicate permission that someone
let/allow someone else to do something.
• Although intransitive verbs can take both を and に,
general rule is that you use particle を for coercive and
use に for permissive. Often, there would be an
expression to indicate either permissive or coercive.
• There are exceptions (as always!) – when verbs are
temporary emotion verbs, when it is a natural
phenomenon or the subject is ‘object’ which doesn’t have
intentions, use を
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
12. MAKE SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING.
• Somebody は Somebody を（に） Causative verb (intransitive).
例：
• お母さんはまなみさんを学校に行かせました。
• コーチは学生を何時間も走らせました。
• 彼はみんなを笑わせます。
• おじいさんは、枯れ木に花を咲かせた。
The subject (は) is the person giving the order.
When verbs are emotion
verbs and temporary
movement of emotion
such as 笑う、おどろく、
がっかりする、安心する、
おこる、ほっとする etc,
then take を
When verbs
describes natural
phenomenon, it
takes を
13. Somebody は Somebody に（を） Causative verb
(intransitive).
例：
父は妹に妹の好きな人と結婚させた。
父はむすめに好きなだけ泳がせました。
お母さんはまなみさんをパーティーに行かせました。
お母さんはまなみさんを・に行かせました。
東京まで車を走らせた。
LET/ALLOWED SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING
As 行きます is intransitive
verb and letting Manami
goes to the party so here
should be using に. BUT
because there is に for
destination so to avoid
having 2 に, used を here.
Because a father let
younger sister to get
married with who she
likes, に is appropriate. If
it was を such as 父は妹
を結婚させた then she
was forced to get married
19. When the speaker tells a person from outside his own group
that he will make someone from within his group do
something, the causative sentence is used regardless of
their status.
駅についたら、お電話をください。
係りの者を迎えに行かせますから。
When you arrive at the station, please call me.
I will send a member of my staff to the station to pick you up.
ようふくうりばはどこですか。
2かいの右がわのおくになります。
右がわのおくですか。
ちょっとおまちください。係りの者に案内させます。
Where is the clothes section?
It is rear side of left side on the 2nd floor.
The rear of left side…
Please wait a moment. I get my staff to guide you.
As 行きます is intransitive
verb, so can take に or を.
The meaning here is
coercive so it should be
を. Also there is に for
destination so to avoid
having 2 に, used を here.
20. When a lower status person has a higher status person
do a certain action and the higher versus lower
relationship between them is obvious, て-form + いただき
ます is used.
If the relationship is equal or the relationship is delicate
in terms of which one is higher, て-form + もらいます etc
is used.
私は、部長に説明していただきました。
I had the department manager explain it to me.
私は、友達に説明してもらいました。
I had my friend explain it to me.
友達は、私に説明してくれました。
My friend explained it for me.
21. Causative て-form + いただけませんか。
When you seek permission, you can use いただけませんか
with the Causative form.
コピー機の使い方を教えていただけませんか。
Would you please tell me how to use the photocopier?
友達の結婚式があるので、早退させていただけませんか。
As I am going to attend my friend’s wedding, would you
please let me leave earlier?
