2. It is a continuous, regulated process of
blood cell production that includes cell
renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and
maturation.
3. ERYTHROPOIESIS
PERIOD SITE(S)
1-2 months of gestation Yolk sac & Aorta-gonads-
mesonephros region
Embryonic hemoglobin
3-6months of gestation Liver, spleen
7 months – 4 years old Bone marrow All marrow is active
Adult Bone marrow Long & flat bones
6. RUBRIBLAST
TERMINOLOGY
NORMOBLAST
TERMINOLOGY
SIZE N:C RATIO CHARACTERISTICS
RubriBLAST Pronormoblast 14-24µm 8:1 1-2 nucleoli
PROrubricyte Basophilic normoblast 12-17µm 6:1 0-1 nucleoli
Rubricyte Polychromatophilic
normoblast
10-15µm 4:1 Hemoglobin
production. Last stage
to divide. Murky-gray
blue.
METArubricyte Orthochromic
normoblast
8-12µm 1:2 Nucleus is pyknotic.
Last nucleated stage.
Reticulocyte Polychromatophilic
erythrocyte
7-10µm - No nucleus. Salmon
pink color. Stained by
new methylene blue.
Mature Erythrocyte Mature erythrocyte 7-8µm - Biconcave disk.
Central pale area.
7.
8. BASOPHILIC STIPPLING
-Multiple, irregular purple inclusions that are evenly
distributed in the cell
-composed of RNA
-Lead poisoning, thalassemia
Wright’s stain New Methylene Blue
11. CABOT RINGS
-Remnants of microtubules that are reddish purple rings or
Figure of 8.
-Seen in megaloblastic anemia, post splenectomy.
-Stained by Wright’s
Reticulocyte
-Blue staining network of residual ribosomes
-Stained by New methylene blue
>2% - increased erythropoiesis
<0.1% - decreased erythropoiesis
12. PAPPENHEIMER BODIES
-Iron particles
-small purplish blue granules that vary in size, shape and #.
-stain with Wright’s stain
SIDEROTIC GRANULES
-Stained with PRUSSIAN BLUE
-aggregates on iron particles.
-Sideroblastic anemias, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia.
13. RBC INDICES
Mean Corpuscular Volume
(MCV)
MCV= HCT x 10
RBC
80-100fL
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
(MCH)
MCH = HGB x 10
RBC
27-31pg
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC = HGB x 100
HCT
32-36% or g/dL
