There is now general acceptance that the burning of fossil fuel is having a significant influence on the global climate. Effective mitigation of climate change will require deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with UK estimates of a 60–80% cut being necessary by 2050. Still purer with the nuclear power, this last leaves behind dangerous wastes for thousands of years and risks contamination of land, air, and water.

1. Design and Analysis of an External-Rotor
Internal-Stator Doubly Fed Induction
Generator for Wind Turbine Application
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8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
‫الكهربـائـيـة‬ ‫للـهنـدسـة‬ ‫السـابع‬ ‫الـدولـي‬ ‫الـمـلـتقـى‬
7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October 2012
•H. Mellah* and B. Bouhadouza ,Department of Electrical Engineering Ferhat Abbas University, Sétif, Algeria.
•K. E. Hemsas , Laboratoire d’Automatique de Setif, LAS Ferhat Abbas University, Sétif, Algeria.
*has.mel@gmail.com

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Influence des énergies fossiles sur l’environnement
There is now general acceptance that
the burning of fossil fuel is having a
significant influence on the global
climate. Effective mitigation of
climate change will require deep
reductions in greenhouse gas
emissions, with UK estimates of a
60–80% cut being necessary by 2050.
Still purer with the nuclear power, this last
leaves behind dangerous wastes for thousands
of years and risks contamination of land,
air, and water.
Les Protocoles de Kyoto(1997- Dec 2011)
Japan Nuclear Explosion Video
8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012

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May 07-09, 2012 Algiers, Algeria 4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

4. Figure 1.Total cumulative wind power installed capacity for
different countries (1980–2006)
First Dev1970
Fast Dev 1990
The average annual growth rate of wind turbine installation is around 30% during last ten years.
The European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) has set a target of satisfying 23% European
electricity needs with wind energy by 2030.
∑ 2005 (59091 MW) → 2006 (74223 MW) →……. 2020→ (1 260 000 MW) = 12% world’s electricity
consumption
8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
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5. Inconvénients de PMSG
Inherent cogging torque = Stop wind turbine starting (noise and vibration) Because of
magnet attractive force
Risk of demagnetization (because of fault happening and overheating of magnets)
Avantage de DFIG +
The power electronic equipment only has to handle a fraction (20–30%) of the total
system power → The power electronic equipment can be reduced → Using a smaller
converter.
Fixed-speed wind power (SCIG) = Directly connected to the grid.
Variable speed wind system using a DFIG or SCIG.
Variable speed wind turbine, PMSG.
Reasons for using variable-speed :
mechanical stress.
optimized power capture.
8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
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8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
Figure 2. Typical configuration of a DFIG wind turbine
If the generator operates above synchronous speed, power will be delivered from the rotor
through the converters to the network.
If the generator operates below synchronous speed, then the rotor will absorb power from the
network through the converters.
Principe !

7. 8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
Rated Output Power (kW) 0.55
Rated Voltage (V) 220
Given Rated Speed (rpm) 1500
Number of Poles 4
Outer Diameter of Stator (mm) 120
Inner Diameter of Stator (mm) 50
Number of Stator Slots 24
Outer Diameter of rotor (mm) 180
Inner Diameter of Rotor (mm) 121
Number of Stator Slots 24
Length of Stator Core (Rotor) (mm) 65
Stacking Factor of Stator Core 0.97
Stacking Factor of Iron Core 0.97
Frictional Loss (W) 12
Operating Temperature (ÛC) 75
TABLE 2. Some rated values, geometric parameters of the
designed machines.Fig. 5 3D view of the DFIG outer rotor designed.
Stator Slot parameter Rotor Slots parameter
hs0 (mm): 2 hr0 (mm): 2
hs1 (mm): 2 hr1 (mm): 2
hs2 (mm): 15 hr2 (mm): 10
bs0 (mm): 2.5 br0 (mm): 2.5
bs1(mm): 9.19419 br1 (mm): 8.5281
bs2 (mm): 5.24462 br2 (mm): 10.6303
rs (mm) : 2 rr (mm) : 2
TABLE 1. Stator and rotor slot parameters.
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Fig. 6 2D DFIG outer rotor mesh

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8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
0.00 500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00
RSpeed [rpm]
-100.00
-75.00
-50.00
-25.00
0.00
25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
Y1[fraction]
RMxprtDesign1Percentage ANSOFT
Curve Info
Efficiency
Setup1 : Performance
Efficiency_1
Setup2 : Performance
Efficiency_2
Setup3 : Performance
Efficiency_3
Setup4 : Performance
Efficiency_4
Setup5 : Performance
Efficiency_5
Setup6 : Performance
Efficiency_6
Setup7 : Performance
Efficiency_7
Setup8 : Performance
Efficiency_8
Setup9 : Performance
Efficiency_9
Setup10 : Performance
A.Efficiency of DFIG at variable environmental thermal condition
The DFIG performance is obtained, by considering a variable ambient temperature, Fig 7. Show the influences of
environmental thermal condition on efficiency, the increase in the ambient temperature, so the DFIG losses increase, thus the
efficiency decreases.
a.Efficiency variation at different thermal condiion. B. ZOOM
Fig.7 Efficiency variation at different thermal condition
•Simulations Results

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B. Dynamic curves
8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
Fig. 8 show the torque variation, the torque
value in steady state is -3.75 Nm.
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00
Time [ms]
-8.00
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
Moving1.Torque[NewtonMeter]
Maxwell2DDesign1Torque ANSOFT
Curve Info
Moving1.Torque
Setup1 : Transient
Fig. 8 Torque n DFIG outer rotors.
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00
Time [ms]
-8.00
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Y1[A]
Maxwell2DDesign1Stator Currents ANSOFT
Curve Info
Current(PhaseA)
Setup1 : Transient
Current(PhaseB)
Setup1 : Transient
Current(PhaseC)
Setup1 : Transient
The DFIG stator current winding is shown in Fig. 9, the
magnitude is 2A and the frequency is 50Hz.
Fig.9 DFIG stator current winding.

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Follow …
8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
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= (4)
vol
Solid Loss J


0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00
Time [ms]
0.00
125.00
250.00
355.00
Y1[W]
Maxwell2DDesign1Loss ANSOFT
Curve Info
StrandedLoss
Setup1 : Transient
StrandedLossR
Setup1 : Transient
There are two types of stranded loss
quantities, Stranded Loss and Stranded
LossR [9]:
• Stranded Loss represents the resistive
loss in a 2D or 3D volume and is
calculated by:
Where J is the conductivity of the material.
•Stranded LossR represents the loss based on I2
times the resistance R. Fig. 10 DFIG StrandedLoss and StandedLossR
Fig. 10 illustrates the two types of loss,
when the value of Stranded LossR in
transient state is 355w and stabilized at
25w in steady-state, but the Stranded Loss
is constant at 14.3w.

11. 0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00
Time [ms]
-8.00
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
Y1[A]
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
Y3[V]
Maxwell2DDesign1InputCurrent ANSOFT
Curve Info Y Axis
InputCurrent(PhaseU)
Setup1 : Transient
Y1
InputCurrent(PhaseV)
Setup1 : Transient
Y1
InputCurrent(PhaseW)
Setup1 : Transient
Y1
InputVoltage(PhaseA)
Setup1 : Transient
Y3
InputVoltage(PhaseB)
Setup1 : Transient
Y3
InputVoltage(PhaseC)
Setup1 : Transient
Y3
Fig. 11 shows the DFIG stator and rotor
induced voltage, when the value of stator is
185v, but the value of rotor induced voltage is
25v.
Fig. 11 DFIG stator and rotor induced voltage.
Fig. 12 shows the rotor current and stator voltage
of DFIG, the magnitude and the frequency of the
first one is 7.12A is ≈5Hz, and the second one is
180v is 50Hz respectively.
Fig. 12 Rotor current and stator voltage of DFIG.
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2012
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Follow …

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C. Field results in 2D of the finite element model
8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
The FE model of electromagnetic field is built by
Maxwe1l2D, This simulation is obtained by :
Terra pc (QuadroFX380, i7CPU, 3.07GHZ,
8CPU, 4 G RAM), and the simulation time is 30h.
Our model of DFIG external rotor used in
Maxwell environment has 12154 triangles.
The Fig.13shows the Flux distribution
Fig.13 Flux distribution of DFG external rotor at 0.5s.
Fig. 14 Contours and vector diagrams of flux
density in DFIG.
Fig. 15 Total Loss of DFIG external rotor.
Fig.14 is flux line and contours diagram of flux
density.
Fig.15 illustrates the total losses of DFIG; it
shows that the majority of the dead losses
localized in the reel is of stator or the rotor
slot.

13. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a frequently used method for analysis of
electromechanical converters. As a numerical analysis method, FEA allows for including
any practical material, external excitation (voltage driven or current driven), inclusion of
motion, and nonlinear effects such as magnetic saturation and eddy current effects.
A 2D model of the DFIG external rotor is given, solved, some simulation result is
given and commented, to return our simulation results finer a 3D model is developed
and solved, but the resolution time is very large, this time is a scale of the day. This work
is the necessary preparations for design and development high reliability and high
security of DFIG applications.
Conclusion & perspective
8- 10 October 2012 BATNAَ, Algeria 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October
2012
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.. ‫لكم‬ ‫شكرا‬
Thank you ..
Merci ..