Precise lecture on lung abscess

1. LUNG ABSCESS
Mehak nabi

2. Lung abscess is a pus-containing lesion
of the lung parenchyma that gives rise to
a cavity. The cavity is formed by necrosis
of the lung tissue.
A lung abscess is a localized
necrotic lesion the lung
parenchyma containing purulent
materials; the lesion collapses
and forms a cavity

3. Lung abscess is an acute or
chronic infection of the lung,
marked by a localized collection of
pus, inflammation and destruction
of tissue.

4. Acute abscesses are less than 4-6 weeks
old, whereas chronic abscesses are of
longer duration.
Primary abscess- occurs in previously
normal lungs and may follow aspiration.
Secondary abscess- occurs in patients
with an underlying lung abnormality.

8. Etiology
1) Mostly bacterial infections and 65% among them
are anaerobes including both gram
negative(bacteroides species, E. Coli, etc) and
gram negative (clostridium species, actinomyces,
staphylococcus special
2) Risk factors including
. Pneumonia
. Aspiration of Oropharngeal contents
. Choking/near-drowning/aspiration

9. . Penetrating pulmonary trauma
. Congenital heart diseases
. Chronic lung disease
. Tricuspid endocarditis
. Stroke/cerebral palsy, diabetes/substance
abuse
. Poor dental hygiene

11. Pathophysiology
Aspiration of infectee material or foreign body
Pneumonitis develops in response to the aspirated infection material
Bacterial proliferation leads to liquefactive necrosis &Inflammatory reaction
Filled into necrotic cavity
Abscess formation

12. Clinical manifestation
The clinical features vary from a mild
productive cough to acute illness
Fever is accompanied by a productive
cough of moderate to copious amounts of
foul-smelling sputum, often bloody

13. Pleurisy, or dull chest pain, dyspnea, weakness,
anorexia, excessive sweating,chills ,fever
,headache,malaise ,bluish discoloration of the skin
and weight loss are common
Chest dullness on percussion and decreased or
absent breath sounds are found, with an
intermittent pleural friction rub and possibly
crackles on auscultation.

14. Diagnostic Evaluations
1) medical history
2) imaging studies
3) Bronchoscopy
4) chest X ray
5) CT scan
6) Blood tests

15. Management
1) Antibiotics therapy -penicillin, Clindamycin and
that to be large doses are required via Intravenous
so that it can penetrate necrotic tissue
2) oxygen therapy
3) postural drainage, coughing
4) physical therapy-chest physiotherapy
5) supportive therapy like rest good nutrition,
adequate fluidss!
5) surgical -which is rare, only in Reinfections

16. Nursing
management
• Administer antibiotic and intravenous therapy as prescribed
and monitor for any adverse effects
. Initiate chest physiotherapy as prescribed to drain abscess
.Teach patient deep-breathing and coughing exercises.
• Encourage diet high in protein and calories • .Provide
emotional support; abscess may take a long time to resolve
.Teach patient or caregiver how to change dressing to prevent
skin excoriation and offensive odor

17. • Perform deep-breathing and coughing exercises every 2 hours during
the day
Teach postural drainage and percussion techniques to
caregiver
• Provide counselling for attaining and maintaining an optimal state of
nutrition
• Emphasize importance of completing antibiotic regimen, rest and
appropriate activity levels to prevent relapse
• Arrange home health nursing and visits by an intravenous therapy
nurse to administer intravenous antibiotic therapy.

18. Prevention
Give appropriate antibiotics before
dental procedures and maintain
adequate oral hygiene
Proper antimicrobial treatment in
pneumonia

19. Thank You