2. About vitamins
• What are vitamins?
- vitamins are essential nutrients required by our
body to maintain normal functions...
- they are not synthesized in our body but we must
obtain them from external source likes foods and
suppliments...
3. Classification
Fat soluble Water soluble
Stored in liver and fatty tissues.... Stored in limit amount in body and move
in blood...
Not excreted from body, thus their excess
cause toxicity....
Excreted from body through urine thus
they don't create toxicity
They include - vitamin A, D, E & K They include - vitamin B & C...
Sources:-
animal fats
vegetable oils
dairy foods
fish oils
Sources :-
fruit & vegetables
grains
milk
dairy foods
5. Vitamin A ( Retinol )
Functions
• Vision :- generate RHODOPSIN pigment for
retina so that person can see in dim light &
maintain surface lining of eye.
• Bone growth
• Reproduction
• Cell division and differentiation
• Regulate immune system
RDA :- 700/900 mcg ( Women/men )
Deficiency :-
Night blindness
Conjunctival xerosis
Bitot spot
Corneal xerosis
Plant source Animal source
Carrot
Broccoli
Sweet potato
Spinach
Pumpkin etc..
Egg
Meat
Milk
Cod liver oil
Fish liver oils
etc..
Orange and yellow colour plants are rich in vitamin A .....
BETA - CAROTENE ( precursor of Vit A ) is present in green
plants, act as antioxidants…
7. Cause of deficiency
malabsorption syndromes
mineral oil laxative abuse
malnutrition
Treatment of deficiency
Vitamin A suppliments
Toxicity :-
scaly skin
nausea
diarrhea
headache
papilledema
hepatosplenomegaly
Cracked fingernails
8. Vitamin D ( Calciferol )
Fuctions:-
• Maintain calcium & phosphate level
• Bone and teeth growth
• Regulate insulin level
• Influence expression of gene that are involved in
cancer development.
RDA :- 15 mcg
Deficiency:
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Sources:-
• Sunlight
• Food:- animal origin (
fatty fish like catfish &
salmon, liver, egg
yolk, butter, cheese )
Our body make Vit D when exposed to
sunlight..
• vitamin D-3, found in
animal fats
• vitamin D-2, found in
plants, such as mushrooms
13. Vitamin K ( Phytonadione )
Functions :-
Blood clotting
lower the risk of heart disease
enhance bone health
reduce the buildup of calcium in the blood
RDA :- 90/120 mcg ( women/men )
Deficiency :-
bleeding
poor bone development
osteoporosis
increased risk of cardiovascular disease...
Sources
kale
liver
spinach
parsley
butter
egg yolks
Vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone),
present in green, leafy
vegetables and some other
plant sources
Vitamin K-2 (menaquinones),
present in animal sources and
fermented foods