Presentation

1. BY
Dr. Ashiq Hussain Bhat
Department of Veterinary
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
KCVAS, Amritsar
REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME

2. INTRODUCTION
A repeat breeder cow is defined as one
 That has been bred 3 or more times but not conceived
 Has normal estrous cycle
 Is free from palpable abnormality
 Has no abnormal vaginal discharge
 Has calved atleast once

3. RISK FACTORS
 Season
 Peri-parturient Disorders
 Metabolic Disorders
 Nutrition

4. ETIOLOGY
 FERTILIZATION FAILURE
 EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH

6.  Dam factors:
Accounts for about 15-20%
Ovulation failure
Oviductal obstructions
Abnormal ova
Ovarian cysts
Endometritis
FERTILIZATION FAILURE

7.  Ovariobursal Adhesions

8.  Tubal block Test: PSP dye test

9.  Hydrosalphinx/ Pyosalphinx

10.  Cystic ovaries

11.  Bull factors:
 Defective spermatozoa
 Faulty technique of AI
 Inaccurate time of AI

12. EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH
 Accounts for 25% of reproductive wastage.
 Major portion of embryonic death occurs between days 8
and 19 after breeding
 Most embryo death occurs before the critical stage of
pregnancy recognition and the cow will return to estrus at
the normal 18-25 days interval

13.  Cytogenic Abnormalities:
 Critical requirement for embryo survival is the presence
of a normal complement of chromosomes.
 Chromosomal aberrations-abnormal karyotypes play a
role in early embryo loss

14.  Unfavourable uterine environment
Uterine environment can be affected by
 Nutrition
 Age of dam
 Ambient temperature
 Hormonal imbalance
 Infections

15. ENDOMETRIAL GROWTH FACTOR
 Repeat breeder cows have alteration in
ovarian steriods concentration which disturbs
the endometrial growth factor- cytokine
network in the endometrium
(Seiji Katagiri 2011)

16. ENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTION
 Hypofunctional CL
 Low Progesterone
 Inadequate Uterine Environment

17. DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES
 External inspection and vaginal evaluation
 Rectal Palpation
 Ultrasonography
 Hormonal function test
 Oviductal patency test

18.  Bring the animal into +ve balance
 Additional concentrate ,greens
 Mineral supplement
 Check the semen quality. Use only high quality semen
REPEAT BREEDING-TREATMENT

19.  GnRH: 10mg of GnRH (Buserelin Acetate) at the time of AI
or immediately after AI
 hCG: 1500 IU at the time of AI
 Progesterone: 500 mg of Progesterone, P depot, Duraprogen
on 5th day after AI
 CIDR, ear implant or PRID application and fixed time AI twice
at 48 and 72 hours
TREATMENT

20.  Intrauterine Antibiotics
 Lugol’s Solution
Prostaglandin F2a and its analogues

21. OVYSYNCH PROTOCOL :-
Day 0
GnRH
Ovulates DF
Initiates new
follicular wave
Day 7
PGF2@
Luteolysis
Day 9
GnRH
Ovulation
induction
10-12
hrs
Fixed
time AI

22. CONCLUSIONS
 Control of uterine infections
 Correct negative energy balance
 Correct timing of Artificial insemination
 Assure quality of semen